184
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin, which was dosed at 50 mg/kg of feed, improved growth, enhanced
immunomodulation (erythrocytes, leucocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit, phagocytic index, antiprotease, respiratory burst, serum lysozyme, and bacteriocidal
activities, serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels) and protected common
carp against challenge with Aer. hydrophila with cumulative mortalities of only
10 % (Jagruthi et al. 2014 ).
Carotenoids
Carotenoids, which were fed at 50 or 100 mg/kg of diet for 2 or 4-weeks to carp
( Cyprinus carpio ) enhanced immunity (complement, lysozyme and phagocytic
activities, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) and gave protection against challenge with a virulent culture (mortality = 10 %, compared to 90 % mortalities among
the controls (Anbazahan et al. 2014 ).
Pyridoxine
Dietary pyridoxine dosed at 0.2–12.4 mg of pyridoxine/kg of feed was fed to Jian
carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) for 80 days followed by challenge with Aer.
hydrophila with the outcome that by increasing the dietary supplement to 5.0 mg/kg
of feed led to increasing levels of survival and enhancement of the phagocytic activity of the leukocytes, acid phosphatase, haemagglutination, lysozyme, total ironbinding capacity and antibody titre (Feng et al. 2010 ).
Fibre
Commercial dietary fermentable fi bre (= Vitacel), which was administered at 10 g/kg
of feed for 45 days to rainbow trout, led to immunomodulation (enhanced bacteriocidal and serum lysozyme activities and greater serum antibody titres) and protection
against challenge with Aer. hydrophila (Yarahmadi et al. 2014 ).
ß-glucans
ß-glucans enhance the non-specifi c resistance to Aer hydrophila infection (Selvaraj
et al. 2005 ; Kumari and Sahoo 2006 ).
4 Aeromonadaceae Representatives (Motile Aeromonads)
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin, which was dosed at 50 mg/kg of feed, improved growth, enhanced
immunomodulation (erythrocytes, leucocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit, phagocytic index, antiprotease, respiratory burst, serum lysozyme, and bacteriocidal
activities, serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels) and protected common
carp against challenge with Aer. hydrophila with cumulative mortalities of only
10 % (Jagruthi et al. 2014 ).
Carotenoids
Carotenoids, which were fed at 50 or 100 mg/kg of diet for 2 or 4-weeks to carp
( Cyprinus carpio ) enhanced immunity (complement, lysozyme and phagocytic
activities, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) and gave protection against challenge with a virulent culture (mortality = 10 %, compared to 90 % mortalities among
the controls (Anbazahan et al. 2014 ).
Pyridoxine
Dietary pyridoxine dosed at 0.2–12.4 mg of pyridoxine/kg of feed was fed to Jian
carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) for 80 days followed by challenge with Aer.
hydrophila with the outcome that by increasing the dietary supplement to 5.0 mg/kg
of feed led to increasing levels of survival and enhancement of the phagocytic activity of the leukocytes, acid phosphatase, haemagglutination, lysozyme, total ironbinding capacity and antibody titre (Feng et al. 2010 ).
Fibre
Commercial dietary fermentable fi bre (= Vitacel), which was administered at 10 g/kg
of feed for 45 days to rainbow trout, led to immunomodulation (enhanced bacteriocidal and serum lysozyme activities and greater serum antibody titres) and protection
against challenge with Aer. hydrophila (Yarahmadi et al. 2014 ).
ß-glucans
ß-glucans enhance the non-specifi c resistance to Aer hydrophila infection (Selvaraj
et al. 2005 ; Kumari and Sahoo 2006 ).
4 Aeromonadaceae Representatives (Motile Aeromonads)