183
vaccinated fi sh with Aer. hydrophila and V. anguillarum led to RPS values of 42 %
and 92 %, respectively.
Tu et al. ( 2010 ) used ghost cells [these were produced with a culture harbouring
the lysis plasmid, pElysis, and were induced to lysis after incubation at 27–42 °C]
fed orally for 5-days, normal feed for 14 days and a second dose of oral vaccine for
a further 5-days at 4 × 10
8 cells/g of fi sh/day to carp, and found improved RPS of
76.8 % after challenge with Aer. hydrophila, compared with RPS of 58.9 % in the
group administered with formalin-inactivated whole cells. In fi sh vaccinated with
ghost cells, there was greater amounts of antigen-specifi c antibody in serum and the
intestinal mucosa (Tu et al. 2010 ). In short, there is every possibility that vaccines
against Aer. hydrophila should work (Aly et al 2015 ).
Research addressed the possibility of employing passive immunization methods
to protect crucian carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ) against Aer. hydrophila by
administering specifi c antibodies generated in egg yolk (Jin et al. 2013 ). The immunoglobulins (IgY) were produced in hens immunized with inactivated cells of Aer.
hydrophila, and once purifi ed were used by immersion at 0.5 g/l. The result was a
reduction in mortalities following challenge with Aer. hydrophila (Jin et al. 2013 ).
Immunostimulants/Dietary Supplements
Vitamins
Vitamins in diets are of value for controlling infection (Sobhana et al. 2002 ).
Evidence has been presented, which pointed to the role of vitamin C in stimulating
the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in fi sh vaccinated with Aer.
hydrophila vaccines (Anbarasu and Chandran 2001 ). Interest in vitamin C has continued, with Misra et al. ( 2007 ) pointing to a role in immunostimulation and protection against challenge with Aer. hydrophila.
Yeast RNA
Furthermore, yeast RNA incorporated in diets at 0.4 % (w/v) and fed for 60 days
reduced mortalities caused by Aer. hydrophila in rohu (Labeo rohita) and enhanced
the phagocyte respiratory burst activity (Choudhury et al. 2005 ).
Levan
A 60-day feeding regime of Indian major carp with 1.25 % microbial levan incorporated into the diet led to protection (RPS = 60 %) against challenge with A. hydrophila (Gupta et al. 2008 ).
Aeromonas hydrophila
vaccinated fi sh with Aer. hydrophila and V. anguillarum led to RPS values of 42 %
and 92 %, respectively.
Tu et al. ( 2010 ) used ghost cells [these were produced with a culture harbouring
the lysis plasmid, pElysis, and were induced to lysis after incubation at 27–42 °C]
fed orally for 5-days, normal feed for 14 days and a second dose of oral vaccine for
a further 5-days at 4 × 10
8 cells/g of fi sh/day to carp, and found improved RPS of
76.8 % after challenge with Aer. hydrophila, compared with RPS of 58.9 % in the
group administered with formalin-inactivated whole cells. In fi sh vaccinated with
ghost cells, there was greater amounts of antigen-specifi c antibody in serum and the
intestinal mucosa (Tu et al. 2010 ). In short, there is every possibility that vaccines
against Aer. hydrophila should work (Aly et al 2015 ).
Research addressed the possibility of employing passive immunization methods
to protect crucian carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ) against Aer. hydrophila by
administering specifi c antibodies generated in egg yolk (Jin et al. 2013 ). The immunoglobulins (IgY) were produced in hens immunized with inactivated cells of Aer.
hydrophila, and once purifi ed were used by immersion at 0.5 g/l. The result was a
reduction in mortalities following challenge with Aer. hydrophila (Jin et al. 2013 ).
Immunostimulants/Dietary Supplements
Vitamins
Vitamins in diets are of value for controlling infection (Sobhana et al. 2002 ).
Evidence has been presented, which pointed to the role of vitamin C in stimulating
the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in fi sh vaccinated with Aer.
hydrophila vaccines (Anbarasu and Chandran 2001 ). Interest in vitamin C has continued, with Misra et al. ( 2007 ) pointing to a role in immunostimulation and protection against challenge with Aer. hydrophila.
Yeast RNA
Furthermore, yeast RNA incorporated in diets at 0.4 % (w/v) and fed for 60 days
reduced mortalities caused by Aer. hydrophila in rohu (Labeo rohita) and enhanced
the phagocyte respiratory burst activity (Choudhury et al. 2005 ).
Levan
A 60-day feeding regime of Indian major carp with 1.25 % microbial levan incorporated into the diet led to protection (RPS = 60 %) against challenge with A. hydrophila (Gupta et al. 2008 ).
Aeromonas hydrophila