Bibliography
Aeby, G., Kenyon, J., Maragos, J., and Potts, D., 2003. First record
of mass coral bleaching in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
Coral Reefs, 22, 256.
Barker, A. J., 1971. Midway: The Turning Point. Ballantine Books:
N.Y., 160 pp.
Brainard, R. E., DeMartini, E., Kenyon, J., Vroom, P., Miller, J.,
Hoeke, R., Rooney, J., Schroeder, R., and Lammers, M., 2004.
Multi-disciplinary spatial and temporal monitoring of reef ecosystems of the US-affiliated Pacific Islands. 10th International
Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa.
Bryan, E. H., 1978. The Northwest Hawaiian Islands: An annotated
bibliography. Compiled for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Hawaiian Islands and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge
Complex, Honolulu, p. 91 þ25p.
Flint, E., 2009. Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge and
Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge- annual nest counts
through hatch year 2009, 20 pp.
Friedlander, A., DeMartini, E., Wedding, L., and Clark, R., 2009.
Fishes. In Friedlander, A., Keller, K., Wedding, L., Clarke, A.,
and Monaco, M. (eds.), A marine biogeographic assessment of
the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NOS NCCOS 84. NOAA Biogeography Program
Report, Silver Spring: Maryland, pp. 155–187.
Friedlander, A., Aeby, G., Brainard, R., Clark, A., DeMartini, E.,
Godwin, S., Kenyon, J., Kosaki, R., Maragos, J., and
Vroom, P., 2005. The state of coral reefs in the northwestern
Hawaiian Islands. In The state of coral reef ecosystems of the
United States and pacific freely associated states. NOAATechnical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 11, pp. 270–307.
Grigg, R. W., 1982. Darwin Point: a threshold for atoll formation.
Coral Reefs, 1, 29–34.
Grigg, R. W., and Epp, D., 1989. Critical depth for the survival of
coral islands: Effects on the Hawaiian Archipelago. Science,
243, 638–641.
Gross, M. F., Milliman, J. D., Tracey, J. I., and Ladd, H. S., 1969.
Marine geology of Kure and Midway Atolls: A preliminary
report. Pacific Science, 23, 17–25.
Haverkort, R. D., 2008. Molecular approach to the taxonomy of
Montipora in the central Pacific. B.S. thesis, Leenwarden,
Netherlands, MacEwan College, Hogeschool Van Hall Larestein
and Noordelijke Hoogeschool. Coconut Island, Kaneohe,
Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology.
Kenyon, J. C., Aeby, G. S., Brainard, R. E., Chojnacki, J. D.,
Dunlap, M. J., and Wilkinson, C. B., 2006. Mass coral bleaching
on high-latitude reefs in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Proceedings
of the 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa,
Vol. 2, pp. 631–643.
Kenyon, J. C., and Brainard, R. E., 2006. Second recorded episode
of mass coral bleaching in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
Atoll Research Bulletin, 543, 505–523.
Ladd, H. S., Tracey, J. I., and Gross, M. G., 1967. Drilling on midway atoll, Hawaii. Science, 156, 1088–1094.
Ladd, H. S., Tracey, J. I., and Gross, M. G., 1970. Deep drilling
on midway atoll. Geological Survey Professional Paper
680-A. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC.
Maragos, J. E., 1977. Order Scleractinia: Stony Corals. In Devaney,
D., and Eldredge, L. (eds.), Reef and Shore Fauna of
Hawaii Section 1:Protozoa through Ctenophora. Bernice Pauahi
Bishop Museum Special Publication: Honolulu Vol. 64(1),
pp. 158–241.
Maragos, J. E., and Gulko, D., (eds.). 2002. Coral reef ecosystems
of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: Interim results emphasizing the 2002 surveys. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Hawai‘i
Department of Land and Natural Resources: Honolulu, Hawai‘i,
46 pp.
Maragos, J. E., and Jokiel, P. L., 1986. Reef corals of Johnston
Atoll: One of the world’s most isolated reefs. Coral Reefs, 4,
141–150.
Maragos, J. E., Potts, D. C., Aeby, G. S., Gulko, D., Kenyon, J. C.,
Siciliano, D., and VanRavenswaay, D., 2004. 2000–2002 Rapid
ecological assessments of corals (Anthozoa) on shallow reefs of
the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Part 1: Species and distribution. Pacific Science, 58(2), 211–230.
Maragos, J., Kenyon, J., Aeby, G., Vroom, P., Vargas-Angel, B.,
Brainard, R., Wedding, L., Friedlander, A., Asher, J., Zgliczynski,
B., and Siciliano, D., 2009. Benthic communities of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. In Friedlander, A., Keller, K., Wedding, L.,
Clarke, A., and Monaco, M. (eds.), A marine biogeographic assessment of the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. NOAA Technical
Memorandum NOS NCCOS 84. NOAA Biogeography Program
Report. Silver Spring, Maryland, pp. 105–154.
Ogden Environmental and Energy Services Co., Inc., 1996. Site
Inspection (SI) report for Naval air Facility, Midway Island. Volume
I, Technical report, Part 1 of 3. Prepared for pacific division naval
facilities engineering command, Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Randall, J. E., Earle, J. L., Pyle, R. L., Parrish, J. D., and Hayes, T.
1993. Annotated checklist of the fishes at midway atoll,
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science, 47, 356–400.
Siciliano, D., 2005. Latitudinal limits to coral reef accretion: Testing
the darwin point hypothesis at kure atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, using new evidence from high resolution remote
sensing and in situ data. Ph.D. Dissertation, Santa Cruz, University of California.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service n.d. (circa 2005). Midway atoll
national wildlife refuge. Pamphlet, 4 pp.
Wells, J. W., 1982. Fossil corals from Midway Atoll. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 680-G.
Woodbury, D. O., 1946. Builders for battle, how the Pacific naval
airbases were constructed. E. P. Dutton and Co., NewYork, 415 pp.
Cross-references
Algae, Coralline
Atolls
Banks Island: Frasnian (Late Devonian) Reefs In Northwestern
Arctic Canada
Bioerosion
Climate Change: Impact of Sea Level Rise on Reef Flat Zonation
and Productivity
Corals: Environmental Controls on Growth
Darwin Point
Hawaiian Emperor Volcanic Chain and Coral Reef History
Sea Level Change and Its Effect on Reef Growth
MINING/QUARRYING OF CORAL REEFS
Barbara E. Brown
School of Biology University of Newcastle, Newcastle,
UK
Definition
The extraction of coral, either in the fossil or living form,
for use generally in the construction trade. This is
a widespread activity in the Indian Ocean in particular,
which results in extensive damage to the threedimensional structure of the reef and its inhabitants.
MINING/QUARRYING OF CORAL REEFS
707
Aeby, G., Kenyon, J., Maragos, J., and Potts, D., 2003. First record
of mass coral bleaching in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
Coral Reefs, 22, 256.
Barker, A. J., 1971. Midway: The Turning Point. Ballantine Books:
N.Y., 160 pp.
Brainard, R. E., DeMartini, E., Kenyon, J., Vroom, P., Miller, J.,
Hoeke, R., Rooney, J., Schroeder, R., and Lammers, M., 2004.
Multi-disciplinary spatial and temporal monitoring of reef ecosystems of the US-affiliated Pacific Islands. 10th International
Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa.
Bryan, E. H., 1978. The Northwest Hawaiian Islands: An annotated
bibliography. Compiled for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Hawaiian Islands and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge
Complex, Honolulu, p. 91 þ25p.
Flint, E., 2009. Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge and
Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge- annual nest counts
through hatch year 2009, 20 pp.
Friedlander, A., DeMartini, E., Wedding, L., and Clark, R., 2009.
Fishes. In Friedlander, A., Keller, K., Wedding, L., Clarke, A.,
and Monaco, M. (eds.), A marine biogeographic assessment of
the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NOS NCCOS 84. NOAA Biogeography Program
Report, Silver Spring: Maryland, pp. 155–187.
Friedlander, A., Aeby, G., Brainard, R., Clark, A., DeMartini, E.,
Godwin, S., Kenyon, J., Kosaki, R., Maragos, J., and
Vroom, P., 2005. The state of coral reefs in the northwestern
Hawaiian Islands. In The state of coral reef ecosystems of the
United States and pacific freely associated states. NOAATechnical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 11, pp. 270–307.
Grigg, R. W., 1982. Darwin Point: a threshold for atoll formation.
Coral Reefs, 1, 29–34.
Grigg, R. W., and Epp, D., 1989. Critical depth for the survival of
coral islands: Effects on the Hawaiian Archipelago. Science,
243, 638–641.
Gross, M. F., Milliman, J. D., Tracey, J. I., and Ladd, H. S., 1969.
Marine geology of Kure and Midway Atolls: A preliminary
report. Pacific Science, 23, 17–25.
Haverkort, R. D., 2008. Molecular approach to the taxonomy of
Montipora in the central Pacific. B.S. thesis, Leenwarden,
Netherlands, MacEwan College, Hogeschool Van Hall Larestein
and Noordelijke Hoogeschool. Coconut Island, Kaneohe,
Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology.
Kenyon, J. C., Aeby, G. S., Brainard, R. E., Chojnacki, J. D.,
Dunlap, M. J., and Wilkinson, C. B., 2006. Mass coral bleaching
on high-latitude reefs in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Proceedings
of the 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa,
Vol. 2, pp. 631–643.
Kenyon, J. C., and Brainard, R. E., 2006. Second recorded episode
of mass coral bleaching in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
Atoll Research Bulletin, 543, 505–523.
Ladd, H. S., Tracey, J. I., and Gross, M. G., 1967. Drilling on midway atoll, Hawaii. Science, 156, 1088–1094.
Ladd, H. S., Tracey, J. I., and Gross, M. G., 1970. Deep drilling
on midway atoll. Geological Survey Professional Paper
680-A. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC.
Maragos, J. E., 1977. Order Scleractinia: Stony Corals. In Devaney,
D., and Eldredge, L. (eds.), Reef and Shore Fauna of
Hawaii Section 1:Protozoa through Ctenophora. Bernice Pauahi
Bishop Museum Special Publication: Honolulu Vol. 64(1),
pp. 158–241.
Maragos, J. E., and Gulko, D., (eds.). 2002. Coral reef ecosystems
of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: Interim results emphasizing the 2002 surveys. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Hawai‘i
Department of Land and Natural Resources: Honolulu, Hawai‘i,
46 pp.
Maragos, J. E., and Jokiel, P. L., 1986. Reef corals of Johnston
Atoll: One of the world’s most isolated reefs. Coral Reefs, 4,
141–150.
Maragos, J. E., Potts, D. C., Aeby, G. S., Gulko, D., Kenyon, J. C.,
Siciliano, D., and VanRavenswaay, D., 2004. 2000–2002 Rapid
ecological assessments of corals (Anthozoa) on shallow reefs of
the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Part 1: Species and distribution. Pacific Science, 58(2), 211–230.
Maragos, J., Kenyon, J., Aeby, G., Vroom, P., Vargas-Angel, B.,
Brainard, R., Wedding, L., Friedlander, A., Asher, J., Zgliczynski,
B., and Siciliano, D., 2009. Benthic communities of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. In Friedlander, A., Keller, K., Wedding, L.,
Clarke, A., and Monaco, M. (eds.), A marine biogeographic assessment of the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. NOAA Technical
Memorandum NOS NCCOS 84. NOAA Biogeography Program
Report. Silver Spring, Maryland, pp. 105–154.
Ogden Environmental and Energy Services Co., Inc., 1996. Site
Inspection (SI) report for Naval air Facility, Midway Island. Volume
I, Technical report, Part 1 of 3. Prepared for pacific division naval
facilities engineering command, Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Randall, J. E., Earle, J. L., Pyle, R. L., Parrish, J. D., and Hayes, T.
1993. Annotated checklist of the fishes at midway atoll,
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science, 47, 356–400.
Siciliano, D., 2005. Latitudinal limits to coral reef accretion: Testing
the darwin point hypothesis at kure atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, using new evidence from high resolution remote
sensing and in situ data. Ph.D. Dissertation, Santa Cruz, University of California.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service n.d. (circa 2005). Midway atoll
national wildlife refuge. Pamphlet, 4 pp.
Wells, J. W., 1982. Fossil corals from Midway Atoll. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 680-G.
Woodbury, D. O., 1946. Builders for battle, how the Pacific naval
airbases were constructed. E. P. Dutton and Co., NewYork, 415 pp.
Cross-references
Algae, Coralline
Atolls
Banks Island: Frasnian (Late Devonian) Reefs In Northwestern
Arctic Canada
Bioerosion
Climate Change: Impact of Sea Level Rise on Reef Flat Zonation
and Productivity
Corals: Environmental Controls on Growth
Darwin Point
Hawaiian Emperor Volcanic Chain and Coral Reef History
Sea Level Change and Its Effect on Reef Growth
MINING/QUARRYING OF CORAL REEFS
Barbara E. Brown
School of Biology University of Newcastle, Newcastle,
UK
Definition
The extraction of coral, either in the fossil or living form,
for use generally in the construction trade. This is
a widespread activity in the Indian Ocean in particular,
which results in extensive damage to the threedimensional structure of the reef and its inhabitants.
MINING/QUARRYING OF CORAL REEFS
707