freshwater-dominated estuaries. Furthermore, at this local
scale, respective species occupy distinct parts of the tidal
profile above mean sea level. Characteristic zonation
bands of different mangrove assemblages indicate the
pronounced influences of inundation frequency and tidal
elevation. For example, species like Avicennia integra,
and Sonneratia alba commonly occupy low intertidal
positions. By comparison, Heritiera littoralis, Xylocarpus
granatum, and Lumnitzera racemosa are found in high
intertidal positions. Some species, such as Avicennia
Mangroves, Figure 7 Sizing up an ancient tree of Avicennia
germinans, near Braganza, Amazonian Brazil.
Mangroves, Figure 6 Delicate pink flowers of the rare hybrid
shrub, Lumnitzera rosea, Le Cap River, New Caledonia.
Mangroves, Figure 8 Erect fruiting bodies of the striking
mangrove palm, Nypa fruticans, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam.
Mangroves, Figure 9 Attractive flowers of Pelliciera rhizophorae
support hummingbirds, near Diablo on the Pacific coast of
Panama, Central America.
MANGROVES
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