Lewis, J. B., 1977. Suspension feeding in Atlantic reef corals and
the importance of suspended particulate matter as a food source.
In Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium.
Vol. 1, pp. 405–408.
Logan, A., 1988. Sediment-shifting capability in the recent solitary
coral Scolymia cubensis (Milne-Edwards and Haime) from Bermuda. Bulletin of Marine Science, 43, 241–248.
Macintyre, I. G., Cortes, J., and Glynn, P. W., 1994. Anatomy of
a dying coral reef: Punta Islotes Reef, Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica.
In Ginsburg, R. N. (compiler), Proceedings of the Colloquium
on Global Aspects of Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards and History.
University of Miami, pp. 261–266.
Maragos, J. E., 1974. Coral communities on a seaward reef slope,
Fanning Island. Pacific Science, 28, 257–273.
Maragos, J. E., Evans, C., and Holthus, P. J., 1985. Reef corals in
Kaneohe Bay six years before and after termination of sewage
discharges. In Proceedings of Fifth International Coral Reef
Congress. Vol. 4, pp. 189–194.
Marshall, S. M., and Orr, A. P., 1931. Sedimentation on Low Isles
Reef and its relation to coral growth. Scientific Report of the
Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1, 94–133.
Marszalek, D. S., 1981. Impact of dredging on a subtropical reef
community, Southeast Florida, U.S.A. In Proceedings of Fourth
International Coral Reef Symposium, Manila, Philippines.
Vol. 1, pp. 147–153.
McCulloch, M., Pailles, C., Moody, P., and Martin, C., 2003a. Tracing the source of sediment and phosphorus into the Great
Barrier Reef lagoon. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 210,
249–258.
McCulloch, M. T., Fallon, S., Wyndham, T., Hendy, E., Lough, J.,
and Barnes, D., 2003b. Coral record of increased sediment flux
to the inner Great Barrier Reef since European settlement.
Nature, 421, 727–730.
Morison, S. E., 1974. The European Discovery of America: The
Southern Voyages 1492–1616. New York: Oxford University
Press, p. 757.
Nugues, M. M., and Roberts, C. M., 2003. Partial mortality in massive reef corals as an indicator of sediment stress on coral reefs.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46, 314–323.
Obura, D. O., Muthiga, N., and Watson, M., 2000. Kenya: 199–230.
In McClanahan, T. R., Sheppard, C. R., and Obura, D. (eds.),
Coral Reefs of the Indian Ocean: Their Ecology and Conservation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pastorok, R. A., and Bilyard, G. R., 1985. Effects of sewage pollution on coral-reef communities. Marine Ecology Progress
Series, 21, 175–189.
Perry, C. T., and Larcombe, P., 2003. Marginal and non-reefbuilding coral environments. Coral Reefs, 22, 427–432.
Philipp, E., and Fabricius, K., 2003. Photophysiological stress in
scleractinian corals in response to short-term sedimentation.
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 287,
57–78.
Presto, M. K., Ogston, A. S., Storlazzi, C. D., and Field, M. E.,
2006. Temporal and spatial variability in the flow and dispersal
of suspended-sediment on a fringing reef flat, Molokai, Hawaii.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 67, 67–81.
Riegl, B., 1995. Effects of sand deposition on scleractinian and
alcyonacean corals. Marine Biology, 121, 517–526.
Risk, M. J., 1999. Paradise lost: how science and management failed
the world’s coral reefs. Marine and Freshwater Research, 50,
831–837.
Risk, M. J., Sammarco, P. W., and Schwarcz, H. P., 1994. Crosscontinental shelf trends in d
13 C in coral on the Great Barrier
Reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 106, 121–130.
Risk, M. J., Sherwood, O. A., Heikoop J. M., and Llewellyn, G.,
2003. Smoke signals from corals: isotopic signature of the
1997 Indonesian “haze” event. Marine Geology, 202, 71–78.
Risk, M. J., Lapointe, B. E., Sherwood, O. A., and Bedford, B. J.,
2009. The use of d
15 N in assessing sewage stress on coral reefs.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58, 793–802.
Roberts, H. H., and Murray, S. P., 1983. Controls on reef development and the terrigenous–carbonate interface on a shallow shelf,
Nicaragua (Central America). Coral Reefs, 2, 71–80.
Rogers, C. S., 1979. The effect of shading on coral reef structure and
function. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,
41, 269–288.
Rogers, C. S., 1983. Sublethal and lethal effects of sediments
applied to common Caribbean reef corals in the field. Marine
Pollution Bulletin, 14, 378–382.
Rogers, C. S., 1990. Responses of coral reefs and reef organisms to
sedimentation. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 62, 185–202.
Rollion-Bard, C., Blamart, D., Cuif, J. P., and Juillet-Leclerc, A.,
2003a. Microanalysis of C and O isotopes of a zooxanthellate and
zooxanthellate corals by ion microprobe. Coral Reefs, 22, 405–415.
Runnalls, L. A., and Coleman, M. L., 2003. Record of natural and
anthropogenic changes in reef environments (Barbados West
Indies) using laser ablation ICP-MS and sclerochronology on
coral cores. Coral Reefs, 22, 416–426.
Sammarco, P. W., and Risk, M. J., 1999. Cross-continental shelf
trends in coral d
15
N on the Great Barrier Reef: further considerations of the reef nutrient paradox. Marine Ecology Progress
Series, 180, 131–138.
Sheppard, C. R., Wilson, S. C., Salm, R. V., and Dixon, D., 2000.
Reefs and coral communities of the Arabian Gulf and Arabian
Sea. In McClanahan, T. R., Sheppard, C. R., and Obura, D.
(eds.), Coral Reefs of the Indian Ocean: Their Ecology and Conservation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 257–294.
Sinclair, D. J., 2005. Correlated trace element “vital effects” in tropical corals: a new geochemical tool for probing biomineralization. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69, 3265–3284.
Sinclair, D. J., Kinsley, L. P., and McCulloch, M. T., 1998. High
resolution analysis of trace elements in corals by laser ablation
ICP-MS. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 1889–1901.
Stafford-Smith, M. G., and Ormond, R. F. G., 1992. Sedimentrejection mechanisms of 42 species of Australian scleractinian
corals. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research,
43, 683–705.
Stafford-Smith, N. G., 1993. Sediment-rejection efficiency of 22 species
of Australian scelractinian corals. Marine Biology, 115, 229–243.
Syvitski, J. M. P., Vorosmaryt, C. J., Kettner, A. J., and Green, P.,
2005. Impact of humans on the flux of terrestrial sediment to
the global coastal ocean. Science, 308, 376–380.
Te, F. T., 1997. Turbidity and its effect on corals: a model using the
extinction coefficient (K) of photosynthetic active radiance
(PAR). In Proceedings of the Eighth International Coral Reef
Symposium. Vol. 2, pp. 1899–1904.
Telesnicki, G., and Goldberg, W., 1995. Effects of turbidity on the
photosynthesis and respiration of 2 South Florida reef coral species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 57, 527–539.
Tomascik, T., and Sander, F., 1985. Effect of eutrophication on reefbuilding corals. 1. Growth rate of the reef building coral
Montastrea annularis. Marine Biology, 87, 143–155.
Tomascik, T., and Sander, F., 1987. Effects of eutrophication on
reef-building corals III. Reproduction of the reef-building coral
Porites porites. Marine Biology, 94, 77–94.
Tomascik, T., Suharsonom, A. J., and Mah, A., 1994. Case histories:
a historical perspective of the natural and anthropogenic
impacts in the Indonesian Archipelago with a focus on the
Kepulauan Seribu, Java Sea. In Ginsburg, R. N. (compiler),
Proceedings of the Colloquium on Global Aspects of Coral
Reefs: Health, Hazards and History. University of Miami, pp.
304–310.
Umbgrove, J. H. F., 1939. Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia.
Zoölogische Mededeelingin, 22, 1–64.
IMPACTS OF SEDIMENT ON CORAL REEFS
585
the importance of suspended particulate matter as a food source.
In Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium.
Vol. 1, pp. 405–408.
Logan, A., 1988. Sediment-shifting capability in the recent solitary
coral Scolymia cubensis (Milne-Edwards and Haime) from Bermuda. Bulletin of Marine Science, 43, 241–248.
Macintyre, I. G., Cortes, J., and Glynn, P. W., 1994. Anatomy of
a dying coral reef: Punta Islotes Reef, Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica.
In Ginsburg, R. N. (compiler), Proceedings of the Colloquium
on Global Aspects of Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards and History.
University of Miami, pp. 261–266.
Maragos, J. E., 1974. Coral communities on a seaward reef slope,
Fanning Island. Pacific Science, 28, 257–273.
Maragos, J. E., Evans, C., and Holthus, P. J., 1985. Reef corals in
Kaneohe Bay six years before and after termination of sewage
discharges. In Proceedings of Fifth International Coral Reef
Congress. Vol. 4, pp. 189–194.
Marshall, S. M., and Orr, A. P., 1931. Sedimentation on Low Isles
Reef and its relation to coral growth. Scientific Report of the
Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1, 94–133.
Marszalek, D. S., 1981. Impact of dredging on a subtropical reef
community, Southeast Florida, U.S.A. In Proceedings of Fourth
International Coral Reef Symposium, Manila, Philippines.
Vol. 1, pp. 147–153.
McCulloch, M., Pailles, C., Moody, P., and Martin, C., 2003a. Tracing the source of sediment and phosphorus into the Great
Barrier Reef lagoon. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 210,
249–258.
McCulloch, M. T., Fallon, S., Wyndham, T., Hendy, E., Lough, J.,
and Barnes, D., 2003b. Coral record of increased sediment flux
to the inner Great Barrier Reef since European settlement.
Nature, 421, 727–730.
Morison, S. E., 1974. The European Discovery of America: The
Southern Voyages 1492–1616. New York: Oxford University
Press, p. 757.
Nugues, M. M., and Roberts, C. M., 2003. Partial mortality in massive reef corals as an indicator of sediment stress on coral reefs.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46, 314–323.
Obura, D. O., Muthiga, N., and Watson, M., 2000. Kenya: 199–230.
In McClanahan, T. R., Sheppard, C. R., and Obura, D. (eds.),
Coral Reefs of the Indian Ocean: Their Ecology and Conservation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pastorok, R. A., and Bilyard, G. R., 1985. Effects of sewage pollution on coral-reef communities. Marine Ecology Progress
Series, 21, 175–189.
Perry, C. T., and Larcombe, P., 2003. Marginal and non-reefbuilding coral environments. Coral Reefs, 22, 427–432.
Philipp, E., and Fabricius, K., 2003. Photophysiological stress in
scleractinian corals in response to short-term sedimentation.
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 287,
57–78.
Presto, M. K., Ogston, A. S., Storlazzi, C. D., and Field, M. E.,
2006. Temporal and spatial variability in the flow and dispersal
of suspended-sediment on a fringing reef flat, Molokai, Hawaii.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 67, 67–81.
Riegl, B., 1995. Effects of sand deposition on scleractinian and
alcyonacean corals. Marine Biology, 121, 517–526.
Risk, M. J., 1999. Paradise lost: how science and management failed
the world’s coral reefs. Marine and Freshwater Research, 50,
831–837.
Risk, M. J., Sammarco, P. W., and Schwarcz, H. P., 1994. Crosscontinental shelf trends in d
13 C in coral on the Great Barrier
Reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 106, 121–130.
Risk, M. J., Sherwood, O. A., Heikoop J. M., and Llewellyn, G.,
2003. Smoke signals from corals: isotopic signature of the
1997 Indonesian “haze” event. Marine Geology, 202, 71–78.
Risk, M. J., Lapointe, B. E., Sherwood, O. A., and Bedford, B. J.,
2009. The use of d
15 N in assessing sewage stress on coral reefs.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58, 793–802.
Roberts, H. H., and Murray, S. P., 1983. Controls on reef development and the terrigenous–carbonate interface on a shallow shelf,
Nicaragua (Central America). Coral Reefs, 2, 71–80.
Rogers, C. S., 1979. The effect of shading on coral reef structure and
function. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,
41, 269–288.
Rogers, C. S., 1983. Sublethal and lethal effects of sediments
applied to common Caribbean reef corals in the field. Marine
Pollution Bulletin, 14, 378–382.
Rogers, C. S., 1990. Responses of coral reefs and reef organisms to
sedimentation. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 62, 185–202.
Rollion-Bard, C., Blamart, D., Cuif, J. P., and Juillet-Leclerc, A.,
2003a. Microanalysis of C and O isotopes of a zooxanthellate and
zooxanthellate corals by ion microprobe. Coral Reefs, 22, 405–415.
Runnalls, L. A., and Coleman, M. L., 2003. Record of natural and
anthropogenic changes in reef environments (Barbados West
Indies) using laser ablation ICP-MS and sclerochronology on
coral cores. Coral Reefs, 22, 416–426.
Sammarco, P. W., and Risk, M. J., 1999. Cross-continental shelf
trends in coral d
15
N on the Great Barrier Reef: further considerations of the reef nutrient paradox. Marine Ecology Progress
Series, 180, 131–138.
Sheppard, C. R., Wilson, S. C., Salm, R. V., and Dixon, D., 2000.
Reefs and coral communities of the Arabian Gulf and Arabian
Sea. In McClanahan, T. R., Sheppard, C. R., and Obura, D.
(eds.), Coral Reefs of the Indian Ocean: Their Ecology and Conservation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 257–294.
Sinclair, D. J., 2005. Correlated trace element “vital effects” in tropical corals: a new geochemical tool for probing biomineralization. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69, 3265–3284.
Sinclair, D. J., Kinsley, L. P., and McCulloch, M. T., 1998. High
resolution analysis of trace elements in corals by laser ablation
ICP-MS. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 1889–1901.
Stafford-Smith, M. G., and Ormond, R. F. G., 1992. Sedimentrejection mechanisms of 42 species of Australian scleractinian
corals. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research,
43, 683–705.
Stafford-Smith, N. G., 1993. Sediment-rejection efficiency of 22 species
of Australian scelractinian corals. Marine Biology, 115, 229–243.
Syvitski, J. M. P., Vorosmaryt, C. J., Kettner, A. J., and Green, P.,
2005. Impact of humans on the flux of terrestrial sediment to
the global coastal ocean. Science, 308, 376–380.
Te, F. T., 1997. Turbidity and its effect on corals: a model using the
extinction coefficient (K) of photosynthetic active radiance
(PAR). In Proceedings of the Eighth International Coral Reef
Symposium. Vol. 2, pp. 1899–1904.
Telesnicki, G., and Goldberg, W., 1995. Effects of turbidity on the
photosynthesis and respiration of 2 South Florida reef coral species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 57, 527–539.
Tomascik, T., and Sander, F., 1985. Effect of eutrophication on reefbuilding corals. 1. Growth rate of the reef building coral
Montastrea annularis. Marine Biology, 87, 143–155.
Tomascik, T., and Sander, F., 1987. Effects of eutrophication on
reef-building corals III. Reproduction of the reef-building coral
Porites porites. Marine Biology, 94, 77–94.
Tomascik, T., Suharsonom, A. J., and Mah, A., 1994. Case histories:
a historical perspective of the natural and anthropogenic
impacts in the Indonesian Archipelago with a focus on the
Kepulauan Seribu, Java Sea. In Ginsburg, R. N. (compiler),
Proceedings of the Colloquium on Global Aspects of Coral
Reefs: Health, Hazards and History. University of Miami, pp.
304–310.
Umbgrove, J. H. F., 1939. Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia.
Zoölogische Mededeelingin, 22, 1–64.
IMPACTS OF SEDIMENT ON CORAL REEFS
585