Vitousek, P. M., Aber, J. D., Howarth, R. H., Likens, G. E., Matson,
P. A., Schindler, D. W., Schlesinger, H., and Tilman, D. G., 1997.
Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: source and consequences. Ecological Applications, 7, 737–750.
Walker, K. R., and Alberstadt, L. P., 1975. Ecological succession as an
aspect of structure in fossil communities. Paleobiology, 1, 238–257.
Weber, M., Lott, K., and Fabricius, K. E., 2006. Sedimentation
stress in a scleractinian coral exposed to terrestrial and marine
sediments with contrasting physical, organic and geochemical
properties. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 336, 18–32.
Wood, R., 1999. Reef Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University of
Press, p. 414.
Cross-references
Bioerosion
Carbonate Budgets and Reef Framework Accumulation
East Indies Triangle of Biodiversity
Fringing Reefs
Heavy Metal Accumulation in Scleractinian Corals
Indonesian Reefs
Nutrient Pollution/Eutrophication
Oil and Gas Reservoirs and Coral Reefs
Sediment Dynamics
Sediments, Properties
Turbid-Zone and Terrigenous Sediment-Influenced Reefs
Volcanic Disturbances and Coral Reefs
Western Atlantic/Caribbean, Coral Reefs
INDIAN OCEAN REEFS
Eberhard Gischler
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Definition
The Indian Ocean is bounded by East Africa, South Asia,
Indonesia, and Western Australia (Figure 1). It is the
world’s second largest coral reef province, after the Pacific
Ocean.
Introduction
The Indian Ocean reef area harbors abundant fringing reefs
(East Africa and Madagascar region, India, Indonesia,
Western Australia) and numerous atolls (Maldives and
Chagos archipelagoes, Cocos Keeling). The only welldeveloped barrier reef is found around Mayotte in the
Comoro Islands (Figure 1). Submerged banks and reefs
are common and include Great Chagos, Saya de Malha,
Nazareth, and Seychelles Banks. Stoddart and Yonge
(1971) and Stoddart (1973) comprehensively summarized
the geomorphology and ecology of Indian Ocean reefs.
Montaggioni (2005) recently compiled and analyzed the
available data on postglacial reef growth in the Indian and
Indian Ocean Reefs, Figure 1 Overview map showing major reef locations in the Indian Ocean (from Gischler et al., 2008).
586
INDIAN OCEAN REEFS
P. A., Schindler, D. W., Schlesinger, H., and Tilman, D. G., 1997.
Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: source and consequences. Ecological Applications, 7, 737–750.
Walker, K. R., and Alberstadt, L. P., 1975. Ecological succession as an
aspect of structure in fossil communities. Paleobiology, 1, 238–257.
Weber, M., Lott, K., and Fabricius, K. E., 2006. Sedimentation
stress in a scleractinian coral exposed to terrestrial and marine
sediments with contrasting physical, organic and geochemical
properties. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 336, 18–32.
Wood, R., 1999. Reef Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University of
Press, p. 414.
Cross-references
Bioerosion
Carbonate Budgets and Reef Framework Accumulation
East Indies Triangle of Biodiversity
Fringing Reefs
Heavy Metal Accumulation in Scleractinian Corals
Indonesian Reefs
Nutrient Pollution/Eutrophication
Oil and Gas Reservoirs and Coral Reefs
Sediment Dynamics
Sediments, Properties
Turbid-Zone and Terrigenous Sediment-Influenced Reefs
Volcanic Disturbances and Coral Reefs
Western Atlantic/Caribbean, Coral Reefs
INDIAN OCEAN REEFS
Eberhard Gischler
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Definition
The Indian Ocean is bounded by East Africa, South Asia,
Indonesia, and Western Australia (Figure 1). It is the
world’s second largest coral reef province, after the Pacific
Ocean.
Introduction
The Indian Ocean reef area harbors abundant fringing reefs
(East Africa and Madagascar region, India, Indonesia,
Western Australia) and numerous atolls (Maldives and
Chagos archipelagoes, Cocos Keeling). The only welldeveloped barrier reef is found around Mayotte in the
Comoro Islands (Figure 1). Submerged banks and reefs
are common and include Great Chagos, Saya de Malha,
Nazareth, and Seychelles Banks. Stoddart and Yonge
(1971) and Stoddart (1973) comprehensively summarized
the geomorphology and ecology of Indian Ocean reefs.
Montaggioni (2005) recently compiled and analyzed the
available data on postglacial reef growth in the Indian and
Indian Ocean Reefs, Figure 1 Overview map showing major reef locations in the Indian Ocean (from Gischler et al., 2008).
586
INDIAN OCEAN REEFS