Dodge, R. E., and Vaisnys, J. R., 1977. Coral populations and growth
patterns: responses to sedimentation and turbidity associated with
dredging. Journal of Marine Research, 35, 715–730.
Dryer, S., and Logan, A., 1978. Holocene reefs and sediments of Castle
Harbour, Bermuda. Journal of Marine Research, 36(3), 339–425.
Edinger, E. N., and Risk, M. J., 1994. Oligocene–Miocene extinction and geographic restriction of Caribbean coral reefs: roles
of temperature, turbidity, and nutrients. Palaios, 9, 576–598.
Edinger, E. N., and Risk, M. J., 1999. Reef classification by coral
morphology predicts coral reef conservation value. Biological
Conservation, 92, 1–13.
Edinger, E. N., Jompa, J., Limmon, G. V., Widjatmoko, W., and
Risk, M. J., 1998. Reef degradation and coral biodiversity in
Indonesia: effects of land-based sources of pollution, destructive
fishing practices, and changes over time. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 36, 617–630.
Edinger, E. N., Kolasa, J., and Risk, M. J., 2000a. Variation in
within-site coral species diversity on coral reefs in three regions
of Indonesia. Diversity and Distributions, 6, 113–127.
Edinger, E. N., Limmon, G. V., Jompa, J., Widjatmoko, W.,
Heikoop, J. M., and Risk, M. J., 2000b. Normal coral growth
rates on dying reefs: are coral growth rates good indicators of
reef health? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40, 404–425.
Edinger, E. N., Azmy, K., Diegor, W., and Siregar, P. R., 2008.
Heavy metal pollution from gold mining recorded in Porites
lobata skeletons, Buyat-Ratototok district, Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56, 1553–1569.
Endean, R., 1976. Destruction and recovery of coral reef communities.
In Jones, O. A., and Endean, R. (eds.), Biology and Geology of Coral
Reefs. New York: Academic, Vo1. 3, Biology 2, pp. 215–254.
Fabricius, K. E., 2005. Effects of terrestrial runoff on the ecology of
corals and coral reefs: review and synthesis. Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 50, 125–146.
Fabricius, K., Wild, C., Wolanski, E., and Abele, D., 2003. Effects
of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and muddy terrigenous sediments on the survival of hard coral recruits. Estuarine,
Coastal and Shelf Science, 57, 613–621.
Fallon, S. J., White, J. C., and McCullock, M. T., 2002. Porites
corals as recorders of mining and environmental impacts:
Misima Island, Papua New Guinea. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta, 66, 45–62.
Fallon, S. J., McCulloch, M. T., and Alibert, C., 2003. Examining
water temperature proxies in Porites corals from the Great Barrier Reef: a cross-shelf comparison. Coral Reefs, 22, 389–404.
Field, M. E., Cochran, S. A., Logan, J. B., and Storlazzi, C. D.,
2008. The coral reef of south Moloka’i, Hawai’i – portrait of
a sediment-threatened fringing reef. US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report, 2007-5101, 180 pp.
Fleitmann, D., Dunbar, R. B., McCulloch, M., Mudelsee, M., Vuille,
M., McClanahan, T. R., Cole, J. E., and Eggins, S., 2007. East
African soil erosion recorded in a 300-year old coral colony from
Kenya. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L04401.
Frost, S., and Langenheim, R., Jr., 1974. Cenozoic Reef Biofacies.
DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, p. 388.
Gabrié, C., Vasseur, P., Randriamiarana, H., Maharavo, J., and
Mara, E., 2000. The coral reefs of Madagascar. In McClanahan,
T. R., Sheppard, C. R., and Obura, D. (eds.), Coral Reefs of the
Indian Ocean: Their Ecology and Conservation. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, pp. 411–444.
Gagan, M. K., Ayliffe, L. K., Beck, J. W., Cole, J. E., Druffel,
E. R. M., Dunbar, R. B., and Schrag, D. P., 2000. New views
of tropical paleoclimates from corals. Quaternary Science
Reviews, 19, 45–64.
Gardner, W. D., 1980a. Sediment trap dynamics and calibration: a
laboratory evaluation. Journal of Marine Research, 38, 17–39.
Gardner, W. D., 1980b. Field assessment of sediment traps. Journal
of Marine Research, 38, 41–52.
Gass, S. E., and Roberts, J. M., 2006. The occurrence of the
cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia) on oil and
gas platforms in the North Sea: colony growth, recruitment,
and environmental controls on distribution. Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 52, 549–559.
Hallock, P., 2001. Coral reefs, carbonate sediments, nutrients, and
global change. In Stanley, G. D. (ed.), The History and Sedimentology of Ancient Reef Systems. Kluwer Topics in Geobiology,
Vol. 17, pp. 388–427.
Hallock, P., and Schlager, W., 1986. Nutrient excess and the demise
of carbonate platforms. Palaios, 1, 389–398.
Heikoop, J. M., Tsujita, C. J., Risk, M. J., and Tomascik, T., 1996.
Corals as proxy recorders of volcanic activity: evidence from
Banda Api, Indonesia. Palaios, 11, 286–292.
Heikoop, J. M., Risk, M. J., Lazier, A. V., Edinger, E. N., Jompa, J.,
Limmon, G. V., Dunn, J. J., Browne, D. R., and Schwarcz, H. P.,
2000. Nitrogen-15 signals of anthropogenic nutrient loading in
reef corals. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40, 628–636.
Hodgson, G., 1990. Sediment and the settlement of larvae of the reef
coral Pocillopora damicornis. Coral Reefs, 9, 41–43.
Hodgson, G., 1994. Sedimentation damage to reef corals. In
Ginsburg, R. N. (compiler), Proceedings of the Colloquium on
Global Aspects of Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards and History.
University of Miami, pp. 298–303.
Hodgson, G., and Dixon, L. A., 1988. Logging versus fisheries and
tourism in Palawan. Occasional Paper No. 7. Honolulu: EastWest Environment and Policy Institute.
Holmes, K. E., Edinger, E. N., Hariyadi, L. G. V., and Risk, M. J., 2000.
Bioerosion of live massive corals and branching coral rubble on
Indonesian coral reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40, 606–617.
Hopley, D., van Woesik, R., Hoyal, D. W. D., Rasmussen, C. E., and
Steven, A. D. L., 1990. Sedimentation resulting from road development, Cape Tribulation Area. Technical Memoir 24, Great
Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, 69 pp.
Hopley, D., Smithers, S. G., and Parnell, K. E., 2007. Geomorphology of the Great Barrier Reef: Development, Diversity, and
Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 532.
Howard, L. S., and Brown, B. E., 1984. Heavy metals and reef corals.
Oceanography and Marine Biology: Annual Review, 22, 195–210.
Hubbard, J. A. E. B., and Pocock, Y. B., 1972. Sediment rejection
by recent scleractinian corals: a key to palaeo-environmental
reconstruction. Geologische Rundschau, 61, 598–626.
Hughes, T. P., and Connell, J. H., 1999. Multiple stressors on coral
reefs: a long-term perspective. Limnology and Oceanography,
44, 932–940.
Johannes, R. E., 1975. Pollution and degradation of coral reef communities. In Wood, E. J. F., and Johannes, R. E. (eds.), Tropical
Marine Pollution. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific.
Johnson, K. G., Sánchez-Villagra, M. R., and Aguilera, O. A., 2009.
The Oligocene–Miocene transition on coral reefs in the Falcón
Basin (NW Venezuela). Palaios, 24, 59–69.
Kershaw, S., 1998. The applications of stromatoporoid palaeobiology
in palaeoenvironmental analysis. Palaeontology, 41, 509–544.
Khaled, A., El-Nemr, A., and E-Sikaily, A., 2003. Contamination of
coral reef by heavy metals along the Egyptian Red Sea Coast. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 71, 577–584.
Kline, D. I., Kuntz, N. M., Breitbart, M., Knowlton, N., and
Rohwer, F., 2006. Role of elevated organic carbon levels and
microbial activity in coral mortality. Marine Ecology Progress
Series, 314, 119–125.
Lasker, H. R., 1980. Sediment rejection by reef corals: the roles of
behaviour and morphology in Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 47, 77–87.
Lepland, A., and Mortensen, P. B., 2008. Barite and barium in sediments and coral skeletons around the hydrocarbon exploration
drilling site in the Traena Deep, Norwegian Sea. Environmental
Geology, 56, 119–129.
584
IMPACTS OF SEDIMENT ON CORAL REEFS
patterns: responses to sedimentation and turbidity associated with
dredging. Journal of Marine Research, 35, 715–730.
Dryer, S., and Logan, A., 1978. Holocene reefs and sediments of Castle
Harbour, Bermuda. Journal of Marine Research, 36(3), 339–425.
Edinger, E. N., and Risk, M. J., 1994. Oligocene–Miocene extinction and geographic restriction of Caribbean coral reefs: roles
of temperature, turbidity, and nutrients. Palaios, 9, 576–598.
Edinger, E. N., and Risk, M. J., 1999. Reef classification by coral
morphology predicts coral reef conservation value. Biological
Conservation, 92, 1–13.
Edinger, E. N., Jompa, J., Limmon, G. V., Widjatmoko, W., and
Risk, M. J., 1998. Reef degradation and coral biodiversity in
Indonesia: effects of land-based sources of pollution, destructive
fishing practices, and changes over time. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 36, 617–630.
Edinger, E. N., Kolasa, J., and Risk, M. J., 2000a. Variation in
within-site coral species diversity on coral reefs in three regions
of Indonesia. Diversity and Distributions, 6, 113–127.
Edinger, E. N., Limmon, G. V., Jompa, J., Widjatmoko, W.,
Heikoop, J. M., and Risk, M. J., 2000b. Normal coral growth
rates on dying reefs: are coral growth rates good indicators of
reef health? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40, 404–425.
Edinger, E. N., Azmy, K., Diegor, W., and Siregar, P. R., 2008.
Heavy metal pollution from gold mining recorded in Porites
lobata skeletons, Buyat-Ratototok district, Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56, 1553–1569.
Endean, R., 1976. Destruction and recovery of coral reef communities.
In Jones, O. A., and Endean, R. (eds.), Biology and Geology of Coral
Reefs. New York: Academic, Vo1. 3, Biology 2, pp. 215–254.
Fabricius, K. E., 2005. Effects of terrestrial runoff on the ecology of
corals and coral reefs: review and synthesis. Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 50, 125–146.
Fabricius, K., Wild, C., Wolanski, E., and Abele, D., 2003. Effects
of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and muddy terrigenous sediments on the survival of hard coral recruits. Estuarine,
Coastal and Shelf Science, 57, 613–621.
Fallon, S. J., White, J. C., and McCullock, M. T., 2002. Porites
corals as recorders of mining and environmental impacts:
Misima Island, Papua New Guinea. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta, 66, 45–62.
Fallon, S. J., McCulloch, M. T., and Alibert, C., 2003. Examining
water temperature proxies in Porites corals from the Great Barrier Reef: a cross-shelf comparison. Coral Reefs, 22, 389–404.
Field, M. E., Cochran, S. A., Logan, J. B., and Storlazzi, C. D.,
2008. The coral reef of south Moloka’i, Hawai’i – portrait of
a sediment-threatened fringing reef. US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report, 2007-5101, 180 pp.
Fleitmann, D., Dunbar, R. B., McCulloch, M., Mudelsee, M., Vuille,
M., McClanahan, T. R., Cole, J. E., and Eggins, S., 2007. East
African soil erosion recorded in a 300-year old coral colony from
Kenya. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L04401.
Frost, S., and Langenheim, R., Jr., 1974. Cenozoic Reef Biofacies.
DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, p. 388.
Gabrié, C., Vasseur, P., Randriamiarana, H., Maharavo, J., and
Mara, E., 2000. The coral reefs of Madagascar. In McClanahan,
T. R., Sheppard, C. R., and Obura, D. (eds.), Coral Reefs of the
Indian Ocean: Their Ecology and Conservation. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, pp. 411–444.
Gagan, M. K., Ayliffe, L. K., Beck, J. W., Cole, J. E., Druffel,
E. R. M., Dunbar, R. B., and Schrag, D. P., 2000. New views
of tropical paleoclimates from corals. Quaternary Science
Reviews, 19, 45–64.
Gardner, W. D., 1980a. Sediment trap dynamics and calibration: a
laboratory evaluation. Journal of Marine Research, 38, 17–39.
Gardner, W. D., 1980b. Field assessment of sediment traps. Journal
of Marine Research, 38, 41–52.
Gass, S. E., and Roberts, J. M., 2006. The occurrence of the
cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia) on oil and
gas platforms in the North Sea: colony growth, recruitment,
and environmental controls on distribution. Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 52, 549–559.
Hallock, P., 2001. Coral reefs, carbonate sediments, nutrients, and
global change. In Stanley, G. D. (ed.), The History and Sedimentology of Ancient Reef Systems. Kluwer Topics in Geobiology,
Vol. 17, pp. 388–427.
Hallock, P., and Schlager, W., 1986. Nutrient excess and the demise
of carbonate platforms. Palaios, 1, 389–398.
Heikoop, J. M., Tsujita, C. J., Risk, M. J., and Tomascik, T., 1996.
Corals as proxy recorders of volcanic activity: evidence from
Banda Api, Indonesia. Palaios, 11, 286–292.
Heikoop, J. M., Risk, M. J., Lazier, A. V., Edinger, E. N., Jompa, J.,
Limmon, G. V., Dunn, J. J., Browne, D. R., and Schwarcz, H. P.,
2000. Nitrogen-15 signals of anthropogenic nutrient loading in
reef corals. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40, 628–636.
Hodgson, G., 1990. Sediment and the settlement of larvae of the reef
coral Pocillopora damicornis. Coral Reefs, 9, 41–43.
Hodgson, G., 1994. Sedimentation damage to reef corals. In
Ginsburg, R. N. (compiler), Proceedings of the Colloquium on
Global Aspects of Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards and History.
University of Miami, pp. 298–303.
Hodgson, G., and Dixon, L. A., 1988. Logging versus fisheries and
tourism in Palawan. Occasional Paper No. 7. Honolulu: EastWest Environment and Policy Institute.
Holmes, K. E., Edinger, E. N., Hariyadi, L. G. V., and Risk, M. J., 2000.
Bioerosion of live massive corals and branching coral rubble on
Indonesian coral reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40, 606–617.
Hopley, D., van Woesik, R., Hoyal, D. W. D., Rasmussen, C. E., and
Steven, A. D. L., 1990. Sedimentation resulting from road development, Cape Tribulation Area. Technical Memoir 24, Great
Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, 69 pp.
Hopley, D., Smithers, S. G., and Parnell, K. E., 2007. Geomorphology of the Great Barrier Reef: Development, Diversity, and
Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 532.
Howard, L. S., and Brown, B. E., 1984. Heavy metals and reef corals.
Oceanography and Marine Biology: Annual Review, 22, 195–210.
Hubbard, J. A. E. B., and Pocock, Y. B., 1972. Sediment rejection
by recent scleractinian corals: a key to palaeo-environmental
reconstruction. Geologische Rundschau, 61, 598–626.
Hughes, T. P., and Connell, J. H., 1999. Multiple stressors on coral
reefs: a long-term perspective. Limnology and Oceanography,
44, 932–940.
Johannes, R. E., 1975. Pollution and degradation of coral reef communities. In Wood, E. J. F., and Johannes, R. E. (eds.), Tropical
Marine Pollution. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific.
Johnson, K. G., Sánchez-Villagra, M. R., and Aguilera, O. A., 2009.
The Oligocene–Miocene transition on coral reefs in the Falcón
Basin (NW Venezuela). Palaios, 24, 59–69.
Kershaw, S., 1998. The applications of stromatoporoid palaeobiology
in palaeoenvironmental analysis. Palaeontology, 41, 509–544.
Khaled, A., El-Nemr, A., and E-Sikaily, A., 2003. Contamination of
coral reef by heavy metals along the Egyptian Red Sea Coast. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 71, 577–584.
Kline, D. I., Kuntz, N. M., Breitbart, M., Knowlton, N., and
Rohwer, F., 2006. Role of elevated organic carbon levels and
microbial activity in coral mortality. Marine Ecology Progress
Series, 314, 119–125.
Lasker, H. R., 1980. Sediment rejection by reef corals: the roles of
behaviour and morphology in Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 47, 77–87.
Lepland, A., and Mortensen, P. B., 2008. Barite and barium in sediments and coral skeletons around the hydrocarbon exploration
drilling site in the Traena Deep, Norwegian Sea. Environmental
Geology, 56, 119–129.
584
IMPACTS OF SEDIMENT ON CORAL REEFS