across unconsolidated sediment producing a raised terrace
above neighboring barren sands. First, an extensive holdfast system developed together with buried thalli; secondly, Halimeda plates were shed and they and
associated sediments were stabilized by cyanobacterial
algal mats; thirdly, elevation of thalli above the sediment
surface anchored by the holdfast system with further in
situ accumulation of plates and platelets and further stabilization by mats; fourthly, the development of an associated flora and fauna, particularly sponges and fifthly,
115°
Jeva Trench
Outer Arc Ridge
Lombok
Bali
Madura
Kangean
Java
Sea
K-Bank
Gulf
of
Boni
P a lu
F a u lt
Gulf
of
Tomini
Volcanics
Sulawesi
2 0 0
m
Java Sea
Banks
Kalimantan
Celebes
Sea
Sarawak
O ld
V o l c a n i c A r c
O l d V o l c a n i c A r c
Java
Sumbawa
Flores
Sea
Java
Sea
Flores
S u m b a
Vo lca nic Arc
Ou ter Arc Bas in
Indian Ocean
120°
10°
5°
0°
Halimeda Bioherms, Figure 3 Halimeda bioherms in the Java Sea, in the region of the Macassar Strait (After Phipps and
Roberts, 1988).
544
HALIMEDA BIOHERMS