434
Class
Acanthodii , 18–19
Amphibia , 4, 27–28
Chondrichthyes , 9–11, 13
Placodermi , 25–26
Class Aves (birds) , 36–47
Class Cephalaspidomorphi (Petromyzontida) ,
7–8
Classifi cation of marine vertebrates ,
3–50
Class Myxini (Myxinoidea) , 6–7
Class Osteichthyes (higher bony fi shes) ,
19–21
Class Reptilia (reptiles) , 28–36
Collagen , 5, 70, 92, 215, 244, 266,
283, 321, 345, 364, 382, 405,
415, 423
Collagenous composite material , 405
Composites , 213–231, 245, 294, 301, 330,
333, 347–349, 415
Coronoin , 217
Cosmine , 19, 25, 92, 117, 213, 220, 221,
223, 224
The Crocodilians (Order Crocodylia) , 35
Ctenoid , 228–230
D
Dentine , 4–6, 9, 10, 17, 18, 24, 25, 93,
104–107, 110, 111, 114–118, 121,
124, 125, 129, 131–133, 215–224,
231, 323, 324
Dentine-based composite , 218–221
Dermal
bone , 8, 92, 94–95, 104, 107, 220,
241, 299
denticle , 9, 19, 106, 113, 230, 237
skeleton , 94, 114, 213, 220, 225, 226,
228, 241
Desmosine , 361, 365, 368
Dorsal fi ns , 12–15, 25, 278, 280, 286
Durodentine , 104, 106, 218, 219
E
Earstones , 135
Egg-capsule proteins , 403–411
Egg-case , 10
Egg shells , 143–153
Egg tooth , 44–45
Elasmodine (isopedine) , 219, 228
Elastin-like proteins , 70, 364–366, 415
Elastoidin , 292–297
Elastomers , 3
Enamel , 4, 10, 19, 24, 104–107, 110–112, 114,
115, 117, 121–124, 128, 132, 133, 213,
215–224, 231, 250, 391
Enameloid , 5, 6, 104, 106, 107, 110–112, 114,
115, 117, 121, 133, 213, 215–218, 220,
221, 223, 227, 231
Endochondral bone , 73, 92, 95–96, 104, 292
Enteroliths , 172, 177
Eyes , 13, 14, 17–19, 24, 25, 29, 33, 38–39, 75,
161, 334
F
Faecoliths , 172, 178
Films , 35, 151, 273, 302, 328, 331–334,
347–354, 378, 379, 382
Fin rays , 8, 107, 228, 229, 277, 279, 281, 282,
284–286, 291, 292, 296, 299, 302, 306,
307, 309
Fish
armor , 238
elastin , 366–368
fi ns , 277–309
scales , 213–231, 237–259, 265, 269,
271–274, 325–327, 330, 335, 347, 416
skin , 245, 252, 256, 263–274, 323–325,
345, 346, 348, 351, 352, 415
wings , 289–291
Fish-like devices , 300–308
Flexible eggshell , 144, 147
Flying fi sh , 19, 21, 22, 278, 289–291, 307, 308
Folded teeth , 104, 115–116
G
Ganoine , 19, 20, 219–221, 224, 228, 229,
249, 250
Gelatin based composite , 347, 348
Gelatin isolation , 355
Gels , 328, 329, 343, 345, 347, 349, 351,
353, 378
Gnathostomes , 4, 8–26, 71, 92, 94, 107, 364
Gular pouches , 45
H
Hagfi shes or Hyperotreti , 6
Hagfi sh slime , 7, 379, 386–390, 417
Hard cartilage , 71, 84
Hemichordata , 69
Heterodontiformes (Bullhead sharks) , 15
Hexanchiformes (Frilled and Cow sharks) , 14
Hyaloine , 219, 220, 228, 230
Hypermineralized tooth plates , 104, 116–117
Index
Class
Acanthodii , 18–19
Amphibia , 4, 27–28
Chondrichthyes , 9–11, 13
Placodermi , 25–26
Class Aves (birds) , 36–47
Class Cephalaspidomorphi (Petromyzontida) ,
7–8
Classifi cation of marine vertebrates ,
3–50
Class Myxini (Myxinoidea) , 6–7
Class Osteichthyes (higher bony fi shes) ,
19–21
Class Reptilia (reptiles) , 28–36
Collagen , 5, 70, 92, 215, 244, 266,
283, 321, 345, 364, 382, 405,
415, 423
Collagenous composite material , 405
Composites , 213–231, 245, 294, 301, 330,
333, 347–349, 415
Coronoin , 217
Cosmine , 19, 25, 92, 117, 213, 220, 221,
223, 224
The Crocodilians (Order Crocodylia) , 35
Ctenoid , 228–230
D
Dentine , 4–6, 9, 10, 17, 18, 24, 25, 93,
104–107, 110, 111, 114–118, 121,
124, 125, 129, 131–133, 215–224,
231, 323, 324
Dentine-based composite , 218–221
Dermal
bone , 8, 92, 94–95, 104, 107, 220,
241, 299
denticle , 9, 19, 106, 113, 230, 237
skeleton , 94, 114, 213, 220, 225, 226,
228, 241
Desmosine , 361, 365, 368
Dorsal fi ns , 12–15, 25, 278, 280, 286
Durodentine , 104, 106, 218, 219
E
Earstones , 135
Egg-capsule proteins , 403–411
Egg-case , 10
Egg shells , 143–153
Egg tooth , 44–45
Elasmodine (isopedine) , 219, 228
Elastin-like proteins , 70, 364–366, 415
Elastoidin , 292–297
Elastomers , 3
Enamel , 4, 10, 19, 24, 104–107, 110–112, 114,
115, 117, 121–124, 128, 132, 133, 213,
215–224, 231, 250, 391
Enameloid , 5, 6, 104, 106, 107, 110–112, 114,
115, 117, 121, 133, 213, 215–218, 220,
221, 223, 227, 231
Endochondral bone , 73, 92, 95–96, 104, 292
Enteroliths , 172, 177
Eyes , 13, 14, 17–19, 24, 25, 29, 33, 38–39, 75,
161, 334
F
Faecoliths , 172, 178
Films , 35, 151, 273, 302, 328, 331–334,
347–354, 378, 379, 382
Fin rays , 8, 107, 228, 229, 277, 279, 281, 282,
284–286, 291, 292, 296, 299, 302, 306,
307, 309
Fish
armor , 238
elastin , 366–368
fi ns , 277–309
scales , 213–231, 237–259, 265, 269,
271–274, 325–327, 330, 335, 347, 416
skin , 245, 252, 256, 263–274, 323–325,
345, 346, 348, 351, 352, 415
wings , 289–291
Fish-like devices , 300–308
Flexible eggshell , 144, 147
Flying fi sh , 19, 21, 22, 278, 289–291, 307, 308
Folded teeth , 104, 115–116
G
Ganoine , 19, 20, 219–221, 224, 228, 229,
249, 250
Gelatin based composite , 347, 348
Gelatin isolation , 355
Gels , 328, 329, 343, 345, 347, 349, 351,
353, 378
Gnathostomes , 4, 8–26, 71, 92, 94, 107, 364
Gular pouches , 45
H
Hagfi shes or Hyperotreti , 6
Hagfi sh slime , 7, 379, 386–390, 417
Hard cartilage , 71, 84
Hemichordata , 69
Heterodontiformes (Bullhead sharks) , 15
Hexanchiformes (Frilled and Cow sharks) , 14
Hyaloine , 219, 220, 228, 230
Hypermineralized tooth plates , 104, 116–117
Index