399
Lingham–Soliar T, Bonser RHC, Wesley–Smith J (2010) Selective biodegradation of keratin
matrix in feather rachis reveals classic bioengineering. Proc R Soc B 277:1161–1168
Luchtel DL, Martin AW, Deyrup–Olsen I (1991) Ultrastructure and permeability characteristics of
the membranes of mucous granules of the hagfi sh. Tissue Cell 23:939–948
Ma L, Xu J, Coulombe PA et al (1999) Keratin fi lament suspensions show unique micromechanical properties. J Biol Chem 274:19145–19151
Magin TM, Vijayaraj P, Leube RE (2007) Structural and regulatory functions of keratins. Exp Cell
Res 313:2021–2032
Maia R, D’Alba L, Shawkey MD (2011) What makes a feather shine? A nanostructural basis for
glossy black colours in feathers. Proc Biol Sci 278(1714):1973–1980
Maia R, Macedo RH, Shawkey MD (2012) Nanostructural self–assembly of iridescent feather
barbules through depletion attraction of melanosomes during keratinization. J R Soc Interface
9(69):734–743
Markl J, Schechter N (1998) Fish intermediate fi lament proteins in structure, function and evolution. Subcell Biochem 31:1–33
Martini FH (1998) The ecology of hagfi shes. In: Jorgensen JM, Lomholt JP, Weber RE, Malte H
(eds) The biology of hagfi shes. Chapman & Hall, London
Matthews LH (1968) The whale. Crescent Books, New York
Meredith RW, Gatesy J, Cheng J et al (2010) Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin
(MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales. Proc R Soc B 278:993–1002.
doi: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1280 , rspb20101280. By permission of the Royal Society. Copyright ©
2011, The Royal Society
Moll R, Divo M, Langbein L (2008) The human keratins: biology and pathology. Histochem Cell
Biol 129:705–733
Nerini M (1984) A review of gray whale feeding ecology. In: Jones ML, Swartz SL, Leatherwood
S (eds) The gray whale Eschrichtius robustus . Academic, Orlando
Newby WW (1946) The slime glands and thread cells of the hagfi sh, Polistrotrema stouti . J
Morphol 78:397–409
Noishiki Y, Ito H, Miyamoto T et al (1982) Application of denatured wool keratin derivatives to an
antithrombogenic biomaterial: vascular graft coated with a heparinized keratin derivative.
Kobunshi Ronbunshu 39(4):221–227
Norlén L et al (2007) Reprinted from Norlén L et al (2007) Structural analysis of vimentin and
keratin intermediate fi laments by cryo-electron tomography. Exp Cell Res 313(10):2217–2227.
Copyright © 2007, with permission from Elsevier
O’Connor S (1987) The identifi cation of osseous and keratinaceous materials at York, archaeological bone, antler and ivory. Occasional papers 5. United Kingdom Institute for Conservation,
London
Pauling L, Corey RB (1951) The structure of hair, muscle, and related proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 37:261–271
Pautard FG (1963) Mineralization of keratin and its comparison with the enamel matrix. Nature
199:531
Pfeiffer CJ (1993) Cellular structure of terminal baleen in various mysticete species. Aquat Mamm
18:67–73
Pivorunas A (1979) The feeding mechanisms of baleen whales. Am Sci 67:432–440
Pollard TD, Cooper JA (2009) Actin a central player in cell shape and movement. Science
326:1208–1212
Prum RO (2006) Anatomy, physics, and evolution of avian structural colors. In: Hill GE, McGraw
KJ (eds) Bird coloration, vol 1, Mechanisms and measurements. Harvard University Press,
Cambridge
Prum RO, Dufresne ER, Quinn T et al (2009) Development of colour–producing b–keratin nanostructures in avian feather barbs. J R Soc Interface 6:S253–S265
Qin Z, Buehler MJ (2012) Computational and theoretical modeling of intermediate fi lament networks: structure, mechanics and disease. Acta Mech Sin 28:941–950
References
Lingham–Soliar T, Bonser RHC, Wesley–Smith J (2010) Selective biodegradation of keratin
matrix in feather rachis reveals classic bioengineering. Proc R Soc B 277:1161–1168
Luchtel DL, Martin AW, Deyrup–Olsen I (1991) Ultrastructure and permeability characteristics of
the membranes of mucous granules of the hagfi sh. Tissue Cell 23:939–948
Ma L, Xu J, Coulombe PA et al (1999) Keratin fi lament suspensions show unique micromechanical properties. J Biol Chem 274:19145–19151
Magin TM, Vijayaraj P, Leube RE (2007) Structural and regulatory functions of keratins. Exp Cell
Res 313:2021–2032
Maia R, D’Alba L, Shawkey MD (2011) What makes a feather shine? A nanostructural basis for
glossy black colours in feathers. Proc Biol Sci 278(1714):1973–1980
Maia R, Macedo RH, Shawkey MD (2012) Nanostructural self–assembly of iridescent feather
barbules through depletion attraction of melanosomes during keratinization. J R Soc Interface
9(69):734–743
Markl J, Schechter N (1998) Fish intermediate fi lament proteins in structure, function and evolution. Subcell Biochem 31:1–33
Martini FH (1998) The ecology of hagfi shes. In: Jorgensen JM, Lomholt JP, Weber RE, Malte H
(eds) The biology of hagfi shes. Chapman & Hall, London
Matthews LH (1968) The whale. Crescent Books, New York
Meredith RW, Gatesy J, Cheng J et al (2010) Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin
(MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales. Proc R Soc B 278:993–1002.
doi: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1280 , rspb20101280. By permission of the Royal Society. Copyright ©
2011, The Royal Society
Moll R, Divo M, Langbein L (2008) The human keratins: biology and pathology. Histochem Cell
Biol 129:705–733
Nerini M (1984) A review of gray whale feeding ecology. In: Jones ML, Swartz SL, Leatherwood
S (eds) The gray whale Eschrichtius robustus . Academic, Orlando
Newby WW (1946) The slime glands and thread cells of the hagfi sh, Polistrotrema stouti . J
Morphol 78:397–409
Noishiki Y, Ito H, Miyamoto T et al (1982) Application of denatured wool keratin derivatives to an
antithrombogenic biomaterial: vascular graft coated with a heparinized keratin derivative.
Kobunshi Ronbunshu 39(4):221–227
Norlén L et al (2007) Reprinted from Norlén L et al (2007) Structural analysis of vimentin and
keratin intermediate fi laments by cryo-electron tomography. Exp Cell Res 313(10):2217–2227.
Copyright © 2007, with permission from Elsevier
O’Connor S (1987) The identifi cation of osseous and keratinaceous materials at York, archaeological bone, antler and ivory. Occasional papers 5. United Kingdom Institute for Conservation,
London
Pauling L, Corey RB (1951) The structure of hair, muscle, and related proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 37:261–271
Pautard FG (1963) Mineralization of keratin and its comparison with the enamel matrix. Nature
199:531
Pfeiffer CJ (1993) Cellular structure of terminal baleen in various mysticete species. Aquat Mamm
18:67–73
Pivorunas A (1979) The feeding mechanisms of baleen whales. Am Sci 67:432–440
Pollard TD, Cooper JA (2009) Actin a central player in cell shape and movement. Science
326:1208–1212
Prum RO (2006) Anatomy, physics, and evolution of avian structural colors. In: Hill GE, McGraw
KJ (eds) Bird coloration, vol 1, Mechanisms and measurements. Harvard University Press,
Cambridge
Prum RO, Dufresne ER, Quinn T et al (2009) Development of colour–producing b–keratin nanostructures in avian feather barbs. J R Soc Interface 6:S253–S265
Qin Z, Buehler MJ (2012) Computational and theoretical modeling of intermediate fi lament networks: structure, mechanics and disease. Acta Mech Sin 28:941–950
References