400
Qin Z, Kreplak L, Buehler MJ (2009) Hierarchical structure controls nanomechanical properties of
vimentin intermediate fi laments. PLoS One 4(10):e7294
Rice DW, Wolman AA (1971) The life history and ecology of the gray whale ( Eschrichtius robustus ). Special publication (American Society of Mammalogists), no 3. American Society of
Mammalogists, Stillwater, p 196
Rosenbaum HC, Egan MG, Clapham PJ et al (1997) An effective method for isolation of DNA
from historical specimens of baleen. Mol Ecol 6:667–681
Rosenthal FC (1829) Ueber die barten des Schnabel–Walfi sches ( Balaena rostrata ). Abhandl der
Kon Akad der Wiss zu Berlin 127–132
Rouse JG, Van Dyke ME (2010) A review of keratin-based biomaterials for biomedical applications. Materials 3(2):999–1014. © 2010 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity
Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed
under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Russell D, Andrews PD, James J et al (2004) Mechanical stress induces profound remodelling of
keratin fi laments and cell junctions in epidermolysis bullosa simplex keratinocytes. J Cell Sci
117:5233–5243
Ruud JT (1940) The surface structure of the baleen plates as a possible clue to age in whales.
Hvalradets Skr 23:1–24
Saranathan V, Forster JD, Noh H et al (2012) Structure and optical function of amorphous photonic
nanostructures from avian feather barbs: a comparative small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
analysis of 230 bird species. J R Soc Interface 9(75):2563–2580, by permission of the Royal
Society. Copyright © 2011, The Royal Society
Schaffeld M, Markl J (2004) Fish keratins. Methods Cell Biol 78:627–671
Schaffeld M, Löbbecke A, Lieb B, Markl J (1998) Tracing keratin evolution: catalog, expression
patterns and primary structure of shark ( Scyliorhinus stellaris ) keratins. Eur J Cell Biol
77:69–80
Schaffeld M, Schultess J, Haberkamp M et al (2001) Intermediate fi lament protein evolution in
fi sh: sequences from lamprey, shark, bichir, sturgeon and trout. Biol Cell 93:235
Schaffeld M, Höffl ing S, Markl J (2004) Sequence, evolution and tissue expression patterns of an
epidermal type I keratin from the shark Scyliorhinus stellaris . Eur J Cell Biol 83:359–368
Schweizer J, Bowden PE, Coulombe PA et al (2006) New consensus nomenclature for mammalian
keratins. JCB 174:169–174
Shawkey MD, Maia R, D’Alba L (2011) Proximate bases of silver color in anhinga ( Anhinga
anhinga ) feathers. J Morphol 272(11):1399–1407
Sivaramakrishnan S, DeGiulio JV, Lorand L et al (2008) Micromechanical properties of keratin
intermediate fi lament networks. PNAS 105(3):889–894. Copyright (2008) National Academy
of Sciences, USA. Reprinted with permission
Solomon SE, Hendrickson JR, Hendrickson LP (1986) The structure of the carapace and plastron
of juvenile turtles, Chelonia mydas (the green turtle) and Caretta caretta (the loggerhead turtle). J Anat 145:123–131
Spitzer RH, Koch EA (1998) Hagfi sh skin and slime glands. In: Jorgensen JM, Lomholt JP, Weber
RE, Malte H (eds) The biology of hagfi shes. Chapman & Hall, London, pp 109–132
Spitzer RH, Downing SW, Koch EA et al (1984) Hagfi sh slime gland thread cells. II. Isolation and
characterization of intermediate fi lament components associated with the thread. J Cell Biol
98:670–677
Spitzer RH, Koch EA, Downing SW (1988) Maturation of hagfi sh gland thread cells: composition
and characterization of intermediate fi lament polypeptides. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 11:31–45
St Aubin DJ, Stinson RH, Geraci JR (1984) Aspects of the structure and composition of baleen,
and some effects of exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons. Can J Zool 62:193–198
Stavenga DG, Tinbergen J, Leertouwer HL et al (2011) Kingfi sher feathers––colouration by pigments, spongy nanostructures and thin fi lms. J Exp Biol 214(Pt 23):3960–3967
11 Marine Keratins
Qin Z, Kreplak L, Buehler MJ (2009) Hierarchical structure controls nanomechanical properties of
vimentin intermediate fi laments. PLoS One 4(10):e7294
Rice DW, Wolman AA (1971) The life history and ecology of the gray whale ( Eschrichtius robustus ). Special publication (American Society of Mammalogists), no 3. American Society of
Mammalogists, Stillwater, p 196
Rosenbaum HC, Egan MG, Clapham PJ et al (1997) An effective method for isolation of DNA
from historical specimens of baleen. Mol Ecol 6:667–681
Rosenthal FC (1829) Ueber die barten des Schnabel–Walfi sches ( Balaena rostrata ). Abhandl der
Kon Akad der Wiss zu Berlin 127–132
Rouse JG, Van Dyke ME (2010) A review of keratin-based biomaterials for biomedical applications. Materials 3(2):999–1014. © 2010 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity
Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed
under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Russell D, Andrews PD, James J et al (2004) Mechanical stress induces profound remodelling of
keratin fi laments and cell junctions in epidermolysis bullosa simplex keratinocytes. J Cell Sci
117:5233–5243
Ruud JT (1940) The surface structure of the baleen plates as a possible clue to age in whales.
Hvalradets Skr 23:1–24
Saranathan V, Forster JD, Noh H et al (2012) Structure and optical function of amorphous photonic
nanostructures from avian feather barbs: a comparative small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
analysis of 230 bird species. J R Soc Interface 9(75):2563–2580, by permission of the Royal
Society. Copyright © 2011, The Royal Society
Schaffeld M, Markl J (2004) Fish keratins. Methods Cell Biol 78:627–671
Schaffeld M, Löbbecke A, Lieb B, Markl J (1998) Tracing keratin evolution: catalog, expression
patterns and primary structure of shark ( Scyliorhinus stellaris ) keratins. Eur J Cell Biol
77:69–80
Schaffeld M, Schultess J, Haberkamp M et al (2001) Intermediate fi lament protein evolution in
fi sh: sequences from lamprey, shark, bichir, sturgeon and trout. Biol Cell 93:235
Schaffeld M, Höffl ing S, Markl J (2004) Sequence, evolution and tissue expression patterns of an
epidermal type I keratin from the shark Scyliorhinus stellaris . Eur J Cell Biol 83:359–368
Schweizer J, Bowden PE, Coulombe PA et al (2006) New consensus nomenclature for mammalian
keratins. JCB 174:169–174
Shawkey MD, Maia R, D’Alba L (2011) Proximate bases of silver color in anhinga ( Anhinga
anhinga ) feathers. J Morphol 272(11):1399–1407
Sivaramakrishnan S, DeGiulio JV, Lorand L et al (2008) Micromechanical properties of keratin
intermediate fi lament networks. PNAS 105(3):889–894. Copyright (2008) National Academy
of Sciences, USA. Reprinted with permission
Solomon SE, Hendrickson JR, Hendrickson LP (1986) The structure of the carapace and plastron
of juvenile turtles, Chelonia mydas (the green turtle) and Caretta caretta (the loggerhead turtle). J Anat 145:123–131
Spitzer RH, Koch EA (1998) Hagfi sh skin and slime glands. In: Jorgensen JM, Lomholt JP, Weber
RE, Malte H (eds) The biology of hagfi shes. Chapman & Hall, London, pp 109–132
Spitzer RH, Downing SW, Koch EA et al (1984) Hagfi sh slime gland thread cells. II. Isolation and
characterization of intermediate fi lament components associated with the thread. J Cell Biol
98:670–677
Spitzer RH, Koch EA, Downing SW (1988) Maturation of hagfi sh gland thread cells: composition
and characterization of intermediate fi lament polypeptides. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 11:31–45
St Aubin DJ, Stinson RH, Geraci JR (1984) Aspects of the structure and composition of baleen,
and some effects of exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons. Can J Zool 62:193–198
Stavenga DG, Tinbergen J, Leertouwer HL et al (2011) Kingfi sher feathers––colouration by pigments, spongy nanostructures and thin fi lms. J Exp Biol 214(Pt 23):3960–3967
11 Marine Keratins