398
Kirfel J, Magin TM, Reichelt J (2003) Keratins: a structural scaffold with emerging functions. Cell
Mol Life Sci 60(1):56–71
Kirkbride KP, Tungol MW (1999) Infrared microspectroscopy of fi bers. In: Robertson J, Grieve M
(eds) Forensic examination of fi bers, 2nd edn. Taylor & Francis Inc., Philadelphia,
pp 179–222
Kjeld M (2003) Salt and water balance of modern baleen whales: rate of urine production and food
intake. Can J Zool 81(4):606–616. © 2003 Canadian Science Publishing or its licensors.
Reproduced with permission
Koch EA, Spitzer RH, Pithawalla RB et al (1991) Keratin–like components of gland thread cells
modulate the properties of mucus from hagfi sh ( Eptatretus stouti ). Cell Tissue Res 264:79–86
Koch EA, Spitzer RH, Pithawalla RB et al (1994) An unusual intermediate fi lament subunit from
the cytoskeletal biopolymer released extracellularly into seawater by the primitive hagfi sh
( Eptatretus stoutii ). J Cell Sci 107:3133–3144
Koch EA et al (1995) Reprinted from Koch EA, Spitzer RH, Pithawalla RB et al (1995) Hagfi sh
biopolymer: a type I/type II homologue of epidermal keratin intermediate fi laments. Int J Biol
Macromol 17(5):283–292. Copyright © 1995, with permission from Elsevier
Kölsch A et al (2010) Republished with permission of COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS, from
Kölsch A, Windoffer R, Würfl inger T, Aach T, Leube RE (2010) The keratin-fi lament cycle of
assembly and disassembly. J Cell Sci 123(Pt 13):2266–2272. Copyright (2010); permission
conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
Kreplak L, Fudge D (2007) Biomechanical properties of intermediate fi laments: from tissues to
single fi laments and back. Bioessays 29:26–35. Copyright © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Kreplak L, Franbourg A, Briki F et al (2002) A new deformation model of hard alpha–keratin
fi bres at the nanometer scale: implications for hard alpha–keratin intermediate fi lament
mechanical properties. Biophys J 82:2265–2274
Kreplak L, Doucet J, Dumas P et al (2004) New aspects of the alphahelix to beta–sheet transition
in stretched hard alpha–keratin fi bres. Biophys J 87:640–647
Krushna Padhi B, Akimenko MA et al (2006) Independent expansion of the keratin gene family in
teleostean fi sh and mammals: an insight from phylogenetic analysis and radiation hybrid mapping of keratin genes in zebrafi sh. Gene 368:37–45
Lametschwandtner A, Lametschwandtner U, Patzner RA (1986) The different vascular patterns of
slime glands in the hagfi shes Myxine glutinosa Linnaeus and Eptatretus stouti Lockington. A
scanning electron microscope study of vascular corrosion casts. Acta Zool 67:243–248
Langbein L, Rogers MA, Winter H et al (1999) The catalog of human hair keratins. I. Expression
of the nine type I members in the hair follicle. J Biol Chem 274:19874–19884
Langbein L, Rogers MA, Winter H et al (2001) The catalog of human hair keratins II. Expression
of the six type II members in the hair follicle and the combined catalog of human type I and
type II keratins. J Biol Chem 276:35125–35132
Lauffenburger JA (1993) Republished with permission of American Institute for Conservation of
Historic and Artistic Works, from Lauffenburger JA (1993) Baleen in museum collections: its
sources, uses, and identifi cation. JAIC 32(3):213–230. Copyright © 1993; permission conveyed
through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
Lazarides E (1980) Intermediate fi laments as mechanical integrators of cellular space. Nature
283(5744):249–256
Lee CH, Coulombe PA (2009) Self–organization of keratin intermediate fi laments into cross–
linked networks. J Cell Biol 186:409–421
Leitner A, Paust T, Marti O et al (2012) Properties of intermediate fi lament networks assembled
from keratin 8 and 18 in the presence of Mg
2+
. Biophys J 103:195–201
Leppi TJ (1967) Histochemical studies on mucous cells in the skin and slime glands of hagfi sh.
Anat Rec 157:278
Leppi TJ (1968) Morphochemical analysis of mucous cells in the skin and slime glands of hagfi shes. Histochemie 16:68–78
Lim J, Fudge DS, Levy N, Gosline JM (2006) Hagfi sh slime ecomechanics: testing the gill–clogging hypothesis. J Exp Biol 209:702–710
11 Marine Keratins
Kirfel J, Magin TM, Reichelt J (2003) Keratins: a structural scaffold with emerging functions. Cell
Mol Life Sci 60(1):56–71
Kirkbride KP, Tungol MW (1999) Infrared microspectroscopy of fi bers. In: Robertson J, Grieve M
(eds) Forensic examination of fi bers, 2nd edn. Taylor & Francis Inc., Philadelphia,
pp 179–222
Kjeld M (2003) Salt and water balance of modern baleen whales: rate of urine production and food
intake. Can J Zool 81(4):606–616. © 2003 Canadian Science Publishing or its licensors.
Reproduced with permission
Koch EA, Spitzer RH, Pithawalla RB et al (1991) Keratin–like components of gland thread cells
modulate the properties of mucus from hagfi sh ( Eptatretus stouti ). Cell Tissue Res 264:79–86
Koch EA, Spitzer RH, Pithawalla RB et al (1994) An unusual intermediate fi lament subunit from
the cytoskeletal biopolymer released extracellularly into seawater by the primitive hagfi sh
( Eptatretus stoutii ). J Cell Sci 107:3133–3144
Koch EA et al (1995) Reprinted from Koch EA, Spitzer RH, Pithawalla RB et al (1995) Hagfi sh
biopolymer: a type I/type II homologue of epidermal keratin intermediate fi laments. Int J Biol
Macromol 17(5):283–292. Copyright © 1995, with permission from Elsevier
Kölsch A et al (2010) Republished with permission of COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS, from
Kölsch A, Windoffer R, Würfl inger T, Aach T, Leube RE (2010) The keratin-fi lament cycle of
assembly and disassembly. J Cell Sci 123(Pt 13):2266–2272. Copyright (2010); permission
conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
Kreplak L, Fudge D (2007) Biomechanical properties of intermediate fi laments: from tissues to
single fi laments and back. Bioessays 29:26–35. Copyright © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Kreplak L, Franbourg A, Briki F et al (2002) A new deformation model of hard alpha–keratin
fi bres at the nanometer scale: implications for hard alpha–keratin intermediate fi lament
mechanical properties. Biophys J 82:2265–2274
Kreplak L, Doucet J, Dumas P et al (2004) New aspects of the alphahelix to beta–sheet transition
in stretched hard alpha–keratin fi bres. Biophys J 87:640–647
Krushna Padhi B, Akimenko MA et al (2006) Independent expansion of the keratin gene family in
teleostean fi sh and mammals: an insight from phylogenetic analysis and radiation hybrid mapping of keratin genes in zebrafi sh. Gene 368:37–45
Lametschwandtner A, Lametschwandtner U, Patzner RA (1986) The different vascular patterns of
slime glands in the hagfi shes Myxine glutinosa Linnaeus and Eptatretus stouti Lockington. A
scanning electron microscope study of vascular corrosion casts. Acta Zool 67:243–248
Langbein L, Rogers MA, Winter H et al (1999) The catalog of human hair keratins. I. Expression
of the nine type I members in the hair follicle. J Biol Chem 274:19874–19884
Langbein L, Rogers MA, Winter H et al (2001) The catalog of human hair keratins II. Expression
of the six type II members in the hair follicle and the combined catalog of human type I and
type II keratins. J Biol Chem 276:35125–35132
Lauffenburger JA (1993) Republished with permission of American Institute for Conservation of
Historic and Artistic Works, from Lauffenburger JA (1993) Baleen in museum collections: its
sources, uses, and identifi cation. JAIC 32(3):213–230. Copyright © 1993; permission conveyed
through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
Lazarides E (1980) Intermediate fi laments as mechanical integrators of cellular space. Nature
283(5744):249–256
Lee CH, Coulombe PA (2009) Self–organization of keratin intermediate fi laments into cross–
linked networks. J Cell Biol 186:409–421
Leitner A, Paust T, Marti O et al (2012) Properties of intermediate fi lament networks assembled
from keratin 8 and 18 in the presence of Mg
2+
. Biophys J 103:195–201
Leppi TJ (1967) Histochemical studies on mucous cells in the skin and slime glands of hagfi sh.
Anat Rec 157:278
Leppi TJ (1968) Morphochemical analysis of mucous cells in the skin and slime glands of hagfi shes. Histochemie 16:68–78
Lim J, Fudge DS, Levy N, Gosline JM (2006) Hagfi sh slime ecomechanics: testing the gill–clogging hypothesis. J Exp Biol 209:702–710
11 Marine Keratins