259
5.3 Conclusion
Today, ultimately we aim at the design and manufacture of synthetic and hierarchical
material systems or structures in which the organization is designed and controlled
on length scales ranging from nano to micro, even all the way to macro. Millions
of years of fi sh evolution and natural selection have yielded a hierarchically
constructed biocomposite – a fi sh scale that possess numerous optimal properties
with regard to structure-function relationship; namely on nano-, micro- and macro
levels. Both fi sh scale as individual construct, and fi sh scale- made armor, are
currently popular subjects for bioinspiration. Armored fi sh are, probably, the key to
the successful evolution of fi sh. Military science as well as Civil Engineering shows
interest in fi sh scale and armor investigations. “Knowledge of the structure–
property–function relationships of the dermal scales of armoured fi sh could enable
pathways to improved bioinspired human body armour, and may provide clues to
the evolutionary origins of mineralized tissues” (Bruet et al. 2008 ). To achieve
success in this challenging topic, modern science uses a multiscale experimental
and computational approach.
References
Banerjee I, Pangule RC, Kane RS (2011) Antifouling coatings: recent developments in the design
of surfaces that prevent fouling by proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms. Adv Mater
23(6):690–718
Bechert DW, Hoppe G, Reif WE (1985) On the drag reduction of the shark skin. In: AIAA shear
fl ow control conference, vol AIAA 85–0546. AIAA, Boulder, pp 1–18
Bechert DW, Bruse M, Hage W et al (1997) Experiments on drag reducing surfaces and their optimization with an adjustable geometry. J Fluid Mech 338:59–87
Benjanuvatra N, Dawson G, Blanksby B (2002) Comparison of buoyancy, passive and net active
drag forces between Fastskin TM and standard swimsuits. J Sci Med Sport 5:115–123
Bhushan B (2011) Biomimetics inspired surfaces for drag reduction and oleophobicity/philicity.
Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2:66–84
Bhushan B (2012) Bioinspired structured surfaces. Langmuir 28(3):1698–1714
Bigi A, Gandolfi M, Koch MHJ et al (1996) X–ray diffraction study of in vitro calcifi cation of
tendon collagen. Biomaterials 17:1195–1201
Bishop MC (2002) Lorica segmentata vol I. A handbook of articulated roman plate armour,
JRMES monograph 1. The Armatura Press, Duns, pp vii–120
Blake RW (1983) Fish locomotion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Blake RW (2004) Fish functional design and swimming performance. J Fish Biol 65(1193):1222
Brennan AB, Baney RH, Carman ML, Estes TG, Feinberg AW, Wilson LH, Schumacher JF (2006)
Surface topography for non–toxic bioadhesion control. US patent no 7,143,709, 5 Dec 2006
Brown M (2012) Piranha-proof fi sh offer body armour inspiration. http://www.wired.co.uk/news/
archive/2012-02/13/piranha-proof-fi sh . Accessed 14 June 2012. Published on-line 13 Feb 2012.
Copyright © 2012, Condé Nast UK. Reprinted with permission
Browning et al (2013) Reprinted from Browning A, Ortiz C, Boyce MC (2013) Mechanics of
composite elasmoid fi sh scale assemblies and their bioinspired analogues. J Mech Behav
Biomed Mater 19:75–86. Copyright (2013), with permission from Elsevier
References
5.3 Conclusion
Today, ultimately we aim at the design and manufacture of synthetic and hierarchical
material systems or structures in which the organization is designed and controlled
on length scales ranging from nano to micro, even all the way to macro. Millions
of years of fi sh evolution and natural selection have yielded a hierarchically
constructed biocomposite – a fi sh scale that possess numerous optimal properties
with regard to structure-function relationship; namely on nano-, micro- and macro
levels. Both fi sh scale as individual construct, and fi sh scale- made armor, are
currently popular subjects for bioinspiration. Armored fi sh are, probably, the key to
the successful evolution of fi sh. Military science as well as Civil Engineering shows
interest in fi sh scale and armor investigations. “Knowledge of the structure–
property–function relationships of the dermal scales of armoured fi sh could enable
pathways to improved bioinspired human body armour, and may provide clues to
the evolutionary origins of mineralized tissues” (Bruet et al. 2008 ). To achieve
success in this challenging topic, modern science uses a multiscale experimental
and computational approach.
References
Banerjee I, Pangule RC, Kane RS (2011) Antifouling coatings: recent developments in the design
of surfaces that prevent fouling by proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms. Adv Mater
23(6):690–718
Bechert DW, Hoppe G, Reif WE (1985) On the drag reduction of the shark skin. In: AIAA shear
fl ow control conference, vol AIAA 85–0546. AIAA, Boulder, pp 1–18
Bechert DW, Bruse M, Hage W et al (1997) Experiments on drag reducing surfaces and their optimization with an adjustable geometry. J Fluid Mech 338:59–87
Benjanuvatra N, Dawson G, Blanksby B (2002) Comparison of buoyancy, passive and net active
drag forces between Fastskin TM and standard swimsuits. J Sci Med Sport 5:115–123
Bhushan B (2011) Biomimetics inspired surfaces for drag reduction and oleophobicity/philicity.
Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2:66–84
Bhushan B (2012) Bioinspired structured surfaces. Langmuir 28(3):1698–1714
Bigi A, Gandolfi M, Koch MHJ et al (1996) X–ray diffraction study of in vitro calcifi cation of
tendon collagen. Biomaterials 17:1195–1201
Bishop MC (2002) Lorica segmentata vol I. A handbook of articulated roman plate armour,
JRMES monograph 1. The Armatura Press, Duns, pp vii–120
Blake RW (1983) Fish locomotion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Blake RW (2004) Fish functional design and swimming performance. J Fish Biol 65(1193):1222
Brennan AB, Baney RH, Carman ML, Estes TG, Feinberg AW, Wilson LH, Schumacher JF (2006)
Surface topography for non–toxic bioadhesion control. US patent no 7,143,709, 5 Dec 2006
Brown M (2012) Piranha-proof fi sh offer body armour inspiration. http://www.wired.co.uk/news/
archive/2012-02/13/piranha-proof-fi sh . Accessed 14 June 2012. Published on-line 13 Feb 2012.
Copyright © 2012, Condé Nast UK. Reprinted with permission
Browning et al (2013) Reprinted from Browning A, Ortiz C, Boyce MC (2013) Mechanics of
composite elasmoid fi sh scale assemblies and their bioinspired analogues. J Mech Behav
Biomed Mater 19:75–86. Copyright (2013), with permission from Elsevier
References