Nacreous layer, 144, 145, 153, 159–160,
171, 172
Nacreous organic matrix, 335–341
Nanofiber, 191–193
Nanostructure, 161, 163, 191
Niutitang formation, 257
Nodule formation, 92–94
Nodules, 83
Nucleation, 13, 15, 332, 333, 335, 337, 338,
340, 342–347
O
OATZ. See Oxic-anoxic transition zone
Occluded proteins, 204–205, 207–210, 217, 218
Oceanospirillum, 55
O-phosphatases, 51, 63
Orchestia cavimana, 321
Orchestin, 321
Organic matrix, 143, 144, 146, 160, 163, 171,
178, 188
Organism, 143–164, 170, 171, 173
Oriented assembly, 159, 160
Oxic-anoxic transition zone (OATZ), 6
Oxidation, 49–67
P
Paracentrotus lividus, 233
Pearl, 144, 149, 159–163, 171, 173, 178–180
lackluster pearl, 149, 160–163
Pearl quality, 339, 344
Pedomicrobium, 57, 58, 61, 62, 64
Peptide, 184, 191–193
Periostracum, 354, 360, 361, 384, 385
pH, 149, 189
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), 326
3-phosphoglycerate (3PG), 326
Phosphorylation, 323
Photosensory, 146, 148
Pinna nobilis
development, 357, 361
geographic distribution, 358
pearl, 356, 360, 365, 377
physiology, 355, 357, 359, 378
reproduction, 355, 357
resource, 356
taxonomy, 369, 370
Pinnidae, 358, 366
Pinnoidea, 357
Plasmids, 55, 58, 61
Pl-nectin, 235
PMC. See Primary mesenchyme cells
Polymer, 160, 183, 184, 188
Polymetallic crusts, 96
Polymetallic nodules, 80, 83
Polymorph, 144, 148, 161, 162, 170, 171, 176,
179, 180, 185
Polysaccharide, 144, 149, 163, 170
Porewater, 55
Porifera, 252
Postembryonic skeletal elements, 205–206
Post-translational processing, 323
Precambrian oceans, 254
Primary mesenchyme cells (PMC), 201–205,
207, 217, 225
Primmorph system, 261
Prism
competition, 383–386, 388
crystallography, 381
elemental composition, 367
formation, 364, 366, 367, 379, 383,
385–387
growth, 376, 383, 384, 386
honeycomb, 362, 363, 384
mineralogy, 367, 370, 372
monocrystal, 363, 364, 383
pyrolysis, 364
regular, 355, 361, 363, 383
simple, 355, 360, 361, 363, 364
ultrastructure, 363–364, 382
Procambarus clarkii, 319
Protein, 144, 146, 150, 151, 153, 154, 156, 162,
164, 170–173, 175, 176, 179–181,
184, 185, 187, 192
acidic, 353–389
calprismin, 354, 372, 374–376, 378–380,
384–386
caspartin, 372–374, 376–382, 384–386
fractionation, 368, 369
mucoperlin, 372, 375, 377, 378, 386, 388
Protein–mineral interactions, 243
Protein nanocages, 29–44
Proteobacteria, 57–60, 63, 64
Proterozoic, 253, 255
Protospongia tetranema, 260
Pseudomonas, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61–64, 66
Pseudomonas fluorescens, 128
Pteriomorphia, 357
Pyrite, 104
R
Radiotracer, 55, 56
Rebers-Riddiford (R-R) consensus sequence, 322
Reduction, 51–54, 56, 59, 64, 65
Index
401
171, 172
Nacreous organic matrix, 335–341
Nanofiber, 191–193
Nanostructure, 161, 163, 191
Niutitang formation, 257
Nodule formation, 92–94
Nodules, 83
Nucleation, 13, 15, 332, 333, 335, 337, 338,
340, 342–347
O
OATZ. See Oxic-anoxic transition zone
Occluded proteins, 204–205, 207–210, 217, 218
Oceanospirillum, 55
O-phosphatases, 51, 63
Orchestia cavimana, 321
Orchestin, 321
Organic matrix, 143, 144, 146, 160, 163, 171,
178, 188
Organism, 143–164, 170, 171, 173
Oriented assembly, 159, 160
Oxic-anoxic transition zone (OATZ), 6
Oxidation, 49–67
P
Paracentrotus lividus, 233
Pearl, 144, 149, 159–163, 171, 173, 178–180
lackluster pearl, 149, 160–163
Pearl quality, 339, 344
Pedomicrobium, 57, 58, 61, 62, 64
Peptide, 184, 191–193
Periostracum, 354, 360, 361, 384, 385
pH, 149, 189
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), 326
3-phosphoglycerate (3PG), 326
Phosphorylation, 323
Photosensory, 146, 148
Pinna nobilis
development, 357, 361
geographic distribution, 358
pearl, 356, 360, 365, 377
physiology, 355, 357, 359, 378
reproduction, 355, 357
resource, 356
taxonomy, 369, 370
Pinnidae, 358, 366
Pinnoidea, 357
Plasmids, 55, 58, 61
Pl-nectin, 235
PMC. See Primary mesenchyme cells
Polymer, 160, 183, 184, 188
Polymetallic crusts, 96
Polymetallic nodules, 80, 83
Polymorph, 144, 148, 161, 162, 170, 171, 176,
179, 180, 185
Polysaccharide, 144, 149, 163, 170
Porewater, 55
Porifera, 252
Postembryonic skeletal elements, 205–206
Post-translational processing, 323
Precambrian oceans, 254
Primary mesenchyme cells (PMC), 201–205,
207, 217, 225
Primmorph system, 261
Prism
competition, 383–386, 388
crystallography, 381
elemental composition, 367
formation, 364, 366, 367, 379, 383,
385–387
growth, 376, 383, 384, 386
honeycomb, 362, 363, 384
mineralogy, 367, 370, 372
monocrystal, 363, 364, 383
pyrolysis, 364
regular, 355, 361, 363, 383
simple, 355, 360, 361, 363, 364
ultrastructure, 363–364, 382
Procambarus clarkii, 319
Protein, 144, 146, 150, 151, 153, 154, 156, 162,
164, 170–173, 175, 176, 179–181,
184, 185, 187, 192
acidic, 353–389
calprismin, 354, 372, 374–376, 378–380,
384–386
caspartin, 372–374, 376–382, 384–386
fractionation, 368, 369
mucoperlin, 372, 375, 377, 378, 386, 388
Protein–mineral interactions, 243
Protein nanocages, 29–44
Proteobacteria, 57–60, 63, 64
Proterozoic, 253, 255
Protospongia tetranema, 260
Pseudomonas, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61–64, 66
Pseudomonas fluorescens, 128
Pteriomorphia, 357
Pyrite, 104
R
Radiotracer, 55, 56
Rebers-Riddiford (R-R) consensus sequence, 322
Reduction, 51–54, 56, 59, 64, 65
Index
401