Regeneration, 230
Regulative proteins, 339–341
Reverse-phase high-performance liquid
chromatography, 173
Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni, 257
RNAi, 320
RubisCo, 60
S
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 145,
147, 155–158, 162, 165, 172,
174–179, 181–187, 228
Sclerocytes, 230, 267
Seamounts, 97
Sea urchin, 200, 201, 205–210, 212–216, 218,
225
Sea urchin skeleton, 242
Sediments, 50, 53, 55–57, 60, 64
Self-assembly (self-assembled), 168, 185,
188–192
SEM. See Scanning electron microscopy
Sensor, 145–146, 159
Sequestration, 64
Serology
ELISA, 369, 370
serotaxonomy, 369, 370
Shape anisotropy, 18
Shell, 143–145, 149, 150, 158–163, 170, 171,
179, 180
growth, 355, 358–360, 363,
382, 383
layer, 355, 358, 359, 361,
373, 375
microstructure, 360–361, 367, 370, 372,
381, 382
pigment, 356, 358
size, 356, 359
spine, 359, 360, 362
use, 376, 377
Shell nacreous layer, 331–347
Sheric nodules, 85
Siderophores, 10
Silica, 253
Silicase, 271
Silicatein, 83, 268
Simulation, 170, 188, 193
Single calcite crystal, 146, 175
Single crystal silicon, 172, 185
Single magnetic domain (SD), 16
Skeleton, 256
abnormalities, 241
defects, 237
deposition, 231
S-layer, 92
Smart material, 148
Solactiniella plumata, 257
Soluble iron, 10
Soluble matrices (SM), 170–173
Soluble or insoluble matrix, 227
Sphaerotilus, 51, 57
Spherical (structure), 146–148, 173, 176,
178, 179, 184
Spherulite, 383–385
Spicule formation, 200–204, 207
Spicule matrix genes, 226
Spicule-matrix proteins, 229, 242
Spicules, 259, 261
Spines, 228
Spores, 55, 56, 60, 62, 66
SRB. See Sulfate reducing bacteria
Stauracts, 259
Stem cells, 231
Stereom, 228
Structure-function relationship, 323
Sturtian, 253
Suberites domuncula, 94, 261
Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), 124, 125,
134
Superparamagnetic, 16
Supersaturation, 227
Syncytial membrane, 233
Syncytial network, 230
Synergistic, 53
T
Teeth, 228
Temperature, 146, 149, 184, 185, 189
Template, 149, 162, 177–185, 189, 191
Tethya lyncurium, 263
Three-dimension, 148, 154, 156, 161, 162, 164,
188, 193
Todorokite, 84
Tooth (teeth), 153, 165–169
Toxicity, 53–54, 65, 66
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
(HRTEM) (FETEM), 155, 157–160,
165, 167, 189, 190, 192, 228
Triticispongia diagonata, 260
Twinning, 16
U
Univin, 238
UV-B radiation, 240
402
Index
Regulative proteins, 339–341
Reverse-phase high-performance liquid
chromatography, 173
Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni, 257
RNAi, 320
RubisCo, 60
S
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 145,
147, 155–158, 162, 165, 172,
174–179, 181–187, 228
Sclerocytes, 230, 267
Seamounts, 97
Sea urchin, 200, 201, 205–210, 212–216, 218,
225
Sea urchin skeleton, 242
Sediments, 50, 53, 55–57, 60, 64
Self-assembly (self-assembled), 168, 185,
188–192
SEM. See Scanning electron microscopy
Sensor, 145–146, 159
Sequestration, 64
Serology
ELISA, 369, 370
serotaxonomy, 369, 370
Shape anisotropy, 18
Shell, 143–145, 149, 150, 158–163, 170, 171,
179, 180
growth, 355, 358–360, 363,
382, 383
layer, 355, 358, 359, 361,
373, 375
microstructure, 360–361, 367, 370, 372,
381, 382
pigment, 356, 358
size, 356, 359
spine, 359, 360, 362
use, 376, 377
Shell nacreous layer, 331–347
Sheric nodules, 85
Siderophores, 10
Silica, 253
Silicase, 271
Silicatein, 83, 268
Simulation, 170, 188, 193
Single calcite crystal, 146, 175
Single crystal silicon, 172, 185
Single magnetic domain (SD), 16
Skeleton, 256
abnormalities, 241
defects, 237
deposition, 231
S-layer, 92
Smart material, 148
Solactiniella plumata, 257
Soluble iron, 10
Soluble matrices (SM), 170–173
Soluble or insoluble matrix, 227
Sphaerotilus, 51, 57
Spherical (structure), 146–148, 173, 176,
178, 179, 184
Spherulite, 383–385
Spicule formation, 200–204, 207
Spicule matrix genes, 226
Spicule-matrix proteins, 229, 242
Spicules, 259, 261
Spines, 228
Spores, 55, 56, 60, 62, 66
SRB. See Sulfate reducing bacteria
Stauracts, 259
Stem cells, 231
Stereom, 228
Structure-function relationship, 323
Sturtian, 253
Suberites domuncula, 94, 261
Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), 124, 125,
134
Superparamagnetic, 16
Supersaturation, 227
Syncytial membrane, 233
Syncytial network, 230
Synergistic, 53
T
Teeth, 228
Temperature, 146, 149, 184, 185, 189
Template, 149, 162, 177–185, 189, 191
Tethya lyncurium, 263
Three-dimension, 148, 154, 156, 161, 162, 164,
188, 193
Todorokite, 84
Tooth (teeth), 153, 165–169
Toxicity, 53–54, 65, 66
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
(HRTEM) (FETEM), 155, 157–160,
165, 167, 189, 190, 192, 228
Triticispongia diagonata, 260
Twinning, 16
U
Univin, 238
UV-B radiation, 240
402
Index