Ecotoxicology, 239
Ecto-mesoderm signaling, 235
Ediacaran, 253
EDTA. See Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Efflux, 61, 63
Electron acceptor, 51, 55, 65
Electronics, 275
Electrophoresis, 368–374
Element, 142, 143, 146–148, 166, 170
ELISA, 369, 370, 372, 378
Embryo development, 231
Embryonic spicules, 206–208, 210, 217, 229
Emulsion, 384, 385, 388
Enamel, 153, 166–169
Endolithobiontic microbes, 105
Endoskeleton, 199–219
Enzymatically controlled mineralization, 83
Erythrobacter, 60, 62, 64
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 162,
170, 171, 173
Exopolysaccharides (EPS), 51
Extrapallial
fluid, 384
space, 354
F
Face-selective adhesion, 18
Fan mussel, 353–389
Feo, 12
Ferric, 10
Ferric uptake regulator (FUR), 12
Ferrihydrite, 13
Ferrite, 16
Ferritin, 29–44
Ferritin evolution, 39–41
Ferromanganese, 53
ferrooxidans, 104
Ferrous, 10
Fiber, 164, 166–168, 189–193
Fibril, 151, 152, 154–159, 163–168, 188–192
Foraminifera, 13
Framework, 176, 188
Framework proteins, 336–339, 344, 345
Functional material, 142, 188, 191, 192
G
GAP 65, 320
Gastrolith, 318
Gastrolith disk, 318
Gastrolith matrix protein (GAMP), 319
Gene regulatory network, 234
Gene repertoire of PMCs, 242
Giant basal spicules, 265
Goethite, 13
Greigite, 4
Growth kinetics, 14
Growth regulator, 17
H
Halomonas, 57
Halomonas eurihalina, 120, 122
Hematite, 13
Heteroepitaxy, 386, 388
Heterotrophy, 54, 55, 57
Hexactinellida, 253
Hierarchical assembly, 165–169, 187
Homeobox genes, 253
HtrA-like proteases, 9
Hunan, 257
Hydrothermal vent, 50, 56, 64, 78, 102
20-Hydroxyecdysone, 320
Hyperthermia treatment, 20
Hyphomicrobium, 57, 58
I
IM. See Insoluble matrix
Immunogold, 374–376, 378
Increased CO 2 levels, 242
Induction, 14
Inflammatory events, 231
Inorganic mineral, 142, 143
In situ, 55, 56, 58, 59
Insoluble matrix (IM), 170
Integrin receptor, 237
In vitro crystallization tests, 243
In vitro mineralization, 171, 177–179,
185
Iron biominerals, 40–44
Iron concentrations, 6
Iron uptake, 10
Ivory, 142, 153
L
Lake Chagytai, 255
Larval skeleton morphology, 233
Larval transcriptome, 242
Lattice, 143, 146, 150, 153, 159, 174,
175, 190
Lattice parameter, 15
Leptothrix, 57, 59–62, 64, 66
Lower Cambrian, 257
Index
399
Ecto-mesoderm signaling, 235
Ediacaran, 253
EDTA. See Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Efflux, 61, 63
Electron acceptor, 51, 55, 65
Electronics, 275
Electrophoresis, 368–374
Element, 142, 143, 146–148, 166, 170
ELISA, 369, 370, 372, 378
Embryo development, 231
Embryonic spicules, 206–208, 210, 217, 229
Emulsion, 384, 385, 388
Enamel, 153, 166–169
Endolithobiontic microbes, 105
Endoskeleton, 199–219
Enzymatically controlled mineralization, 83
Erythrobacter, 60, 62, 64
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 162,
170, 171, 173
Exopolysaccharides (EPS), 51
Extrapallial
fluid, 384
space, 354
F
Face-selective adhesion, 18
Fan mussel, 353–389
Feo, 12
Ferric, 10
Ferric uptake regulator (FUR), 12
Ferrihydrite, 13
Ferrite, 16
Ferritin, 29–44
Ferritin evolution, 39–41
Ferromanganese, 53
ferrooxidans, 104
Ferrous, 10
Fiber, 164, 166–168, 189–193
Fibril, 151, 152, 154–159, 163–168, 188–192
Foraminifera, 13
Framework, 176, 188
Framework proteins, 336–339, 344, 345
Functional material, 142, 188, 191, 192
G
GAP 65, 320
Gastrolith, 318
Gastrolith disk, 318
Gastrolith matrix protein (GAMP), 319
Gene regulatory network, 234
Gene repertoire of PMCs, 242
Giant basal spicules, 265
Goethite, 13
Greigite, 4
Growth kinetics, 14
Growth regulator, 17
H
Halomonas, 57
Halomonas eurihalina, 120, 122
Hematite, 13
Heteroepitaxy, 386, 388
Heterotrophy, 54, 55, 57
Hexactinellida, 253
Hierarchical assembly, 165–169, 187
Homeobox genes, 253
HtrA-like proteases, 9
Hunan, 257
Hydrothermal vent, 50, 56, 64, 78, 102
20-Hydroxyecdysone, 320
Hyperthermia treatment, 20
Hyphomicrobium, 57, 58
I
IM. See Insoluble matrix
Immunogold, 374–376, 378
Increased CO 2 levels, 242
Induction, 14
Inflammatory events, 231
Inorganic mineral, 142, 143
In situ, 55, 56, 58, 59
Insoluble matrix (IM), 170
Integrin receptor, 237
In vitro crystallization tests, 243
In vitro mineralization, 171, 177–179,
185
Iron biominerals, 40–44
Iron concentrations, 6
Iron uptake, 10
Ivory, 142, 153
L
Lake Chagytai, 255
Larval skeleton morphology, 233
Larval transcriptome, 242
Lattice, 143, 146, 150, 153, 159, 174,
175, 190
Lattice parameter, 15
Leptothrix, 57, 59–62, 64, 66
Lower Cambrian, 257
Index
399