Biomineralization, 78, 115, 141–193, 199–219,
226, 239, 331–347
in the early Cambrian, 132
terms and processes, 115
Biomineralization-related genes, 240
Bio-seed, 81, 85, 90, 98, 101
Bio-silica, 83
Biosintering, 272
Birnessite, 84
Bivalve, 355, 357, 358, 360, 361, 366, 368,
370, 372, 383
Black smokers, 104
Body plan, 252
Bone, 142, 143, 150–153, 164–166, 168, 186,
188, 191
Brittlestar, 146–148, 153
Burgess Shale, 257
Byssus, 356
C
Cadmium, 240
Calcarea, 253
Calcification-associated peptide, 321
Calcite
distorsion, 381
lattice, 381
twinning, 381, 382
Calcium, 203–204
Calcium-bearing minerals, 227
Calcium-binding ability, 323
Calcium carbonate, 316, 332, 333, 335,
338–341, 343, 344, 346, 347
amorphous, 357
aragonite, 143–150, 154–163, 170, 171,
174–176, 178–181, 184, 185
calcite, 143–150, 161, 163, 164, 170, 171,
173–178, 180, 181, 183–185
vaterite, 143, 144, 148–149, 157, 158,
161–163, 170, 171, 173–176,
179–182, 184, 185
Calcium carbonate crystals, 119
formation, 120
polimorphs, 119
Calcium phosphate
hydroxyapatite (HA), 150, 151, 153, 166,
167, 188
octacalcium phosphate, 150, 151
Calprismin, 354, 372–376, 378–380, 384–386
Carbon fixation, 54
Carp otolith, 142–159
asteriscus, 154, 157–159, 170, 179, 182, 185
sagitta, 154, 156–159
lapillus, 154–156, 158, 159, 179, 181, 185
Caspartin
localization, 374
in vitro, 374, 376, 382
Cathepsin L, 269
Cation diffusion facilitators, 9
Challenger expedition, 79
Chemical mineralization, 83
Chengjiang, 257
Cherax quadricarinatus, 320
Chitin, 334–336, 342, 345–347, 368, 386, 388
Chitin-binding ability, 323
Chitin-binding domain, 320
Choiidae, 260
C mag , 14
Coccolith, 98
Coccolithophores, 98
Coercivity, 16
Collagen, 151–153, 164, 165, 175–178, 185,
186, 188–192, 256
Comitalia, 266
Compartmentalization, 62
Composite, 160, 164, 187–191
Coprecipitation, 13
Co-rich crusts, 78
Crab, 144, 163–164
Crateromorpha meyeri, 269
Crayfish, 319
Crustaceans, 316
Crystal growth, 333, 338, 340, 341, 344–347
Crystalline calcium carbonate, 227
Crystal morphologies, 18
Crystal orientation, 161, 162, 187
Crystal polymorph, 326
Cuticle, 316
Cyanobacteria, 123, 129, 133, 134
D
Demospongiae, 253
Depositing bacteria, 92
Desulfovibrio magneticus, 6
Diactins, 259
Diagoniella sp, 260
Discoidin family member, 235
DUF protein, 273
E
Easy axis, 16
Ecdysteroid, 317
Echinoderms, 199–219, 228
ECM molecule, 234
398
Index
226, 239, 331–347
in the early Cambrian, 132
terms and processes, 115
Biomineralization-related genes, 240
Bio-seed, 81, 85, 90, 98, 101
Bio-silica, 83
Biosintering, 272
Birnessite, 84
Bivalve, 355, 357, 358, 360, 361, 366, 368,
370, 372, 383
Black smokers, 104
Body plan, 252
Bone, 142, 143, 150–153, 164–166, 168, 186,
188, 191
Brittlestar, 146–148, 153
Burgess Shale, 257
Byssus, 356
C
Cadmium, 240
Calcarea, 253
Calcification-associated peptide, 321
Calcite
distorsion, 381
lattice, 381
twinning, 381, 382
Calcium, 203–204
Calcium-bearing minerals, 227
Calcium-binding ability, 323
Calcium carbonate, 316, 332, 333, 335,
338–341, 343, 344, 346, 347
amorphous, 357
aragonite, 143–150, 154–163, 170, 171,
174–176, 178–181, 184, 185
calcite, 143–150, 161, 163, 164, 170, 171,
173–178, 180, 181, 183–185
vaterite, 143, 144, 148–149, 157, 158,
161–163, 170, 171, 173–176,
179–182, 184, 185
Calcium carbonate crystals, 119
formation, 120
polimorphs, 119
Calcium phosphate
hydroxyapatite (HA), 150, 151, 153, 166,
167, 188
octacalcium phosphate, 150, 151
Calprismin, 354, 372–376, 378–380, 384–386
Carbon fixation, 54
Carp otolith, 142–159
asteriscus, 154, 157–159, 170, 179, 182, 185
sagitta, 154, 156–159
lapillus, 154–156, 158, 159, 179, 181, 185
Caspartin
localization, 374
in vitro, 374, 376, 382
Cathepsin L, 269
Cation diffusion facilitators, 9
Challenger expedition, 79
Chemical mineralization, 83
Chengjiang, 257
Cherax quadricarinatus, 320
Chitin, 334–336, 342, 345–347, 368, 386, 388
Chitin-binding ability, 323
Chitin-binding domain, 320
Choiidae, 260
C mag , 14
Coccolith, 98
Coccolithophores, 98
Coercivity, 16
Collagen, 151–153, 164, 165, 175–178, 185,
186, 188–192, 256
Comitalia, 266
Compartmentalization, 62
Composite, 160, 164, 187–191
Coprecipitation, 13
Co-rich crusts, 78
Crab, 144, 163–164
Crateromorpha meyeri, 269
Crayfish, 319
Crustaceans, 316
Crystal growth, 333, 338, 340, 341, 344–347
Crystalline calcium carbonate, 227
Crystal morphologies, 18
Crystal orientation, 161, 162, 187
Crystal polymorph, 326
Cuticle, 316
Cyanobacteria, 123, 129, 133, 134
D
Demospongiae, 253
Depositing bacteria, 92
Desulfovibrio magneticus, 6
Diactins, 259
Diagoniella sp, 260
Discoidin family member, 235
DUF protein, 273
E
Easy axis, 16
Ecdysteroid, 317
Echinoderms, 199–219, 228
ECM molecule, 234
398
Index