Maximum flooding surface (MFS), 290, 292, 296
Mean higher high water (MHHW), 665
Mean high water (MHW), 352, 665
Mean high water springs (MHWS), 665
Mean lower high water (MLHW), 665
Mean low water (MLW), 665
Mean low water neaps (MHWN), 665
Mean low water springs (MLWS), 665
Mean sea level (MSL), 432–433, 665
Mechanistic model, 220
Meiofauna, 66–67, 73, 245, 401, 433, 445, 525, 609, 669–670
Melampus bidentatus, 486
Menticirrhus americanus, 241
Merluccius capensis, 22
Mesogenetic carbonate rocks, 378
Metapenaeus, 399
Methanogenesis, 36
Microbial degradation, 433
Microbial survivability, 434–436
ballast water exchange, 434
toxic dinoflagellates, 434–435
Vibrio cholerae, 435–436
Microfauna, 73, 360, 433, 437
Micronutrients, 437, 465, 717
Microphytobenthos, 438
Mictyrid soldier crab. See Soldier crabs (mictyridae)
Mineralization, 438–445
biomediation, 441
crystallize from estuarine water, 441–442
as exoskeletons/endoskeletons, 440–441
inorganic alteration, 442–443
organic molecules to inorganic molecules, 439–440
types, 438–439, 443–445
Miranda plain, 117
Mixotrophic plankton, 447
Mixotrophy, 9, 12
Mnemiopsis leidyi, 369
Mobile infaunal species, 89, 91
Models for ecological monitoring, 219, 220
Model currency, 220
Monochromatic wave, 47
Mosquito ditching, 448
Mud-dominated deltas, 184, 186, 286
Mudflats, 97, 113, 115, 117, 144–147, 287, 320, 349, 365, 367, 387, 393,
510, 516, 523, 525–527, 546, 556, 578, 588, 685
in fauna, 209–210
of Sado River Estuary, Portugal, 147
Murray River delta, 185
Mutualism, 449, 525
Mytilus edulis, 83, 96, 498
N
National Environmental Policy Act, 232, 274
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 274, 391, 459
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), 457
Natural resource management, 1, 166, 235
Nearshore wind waves, 701–702
Nekton, 142, 279, 398–399, 451–452
assemblages, 451
movement, 451–452
sensory modality, 451
sonar instruments, 452
Neoichnology, 76
Nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), 720, 729
Net ecosystem production (NEP), 301, 401–402
Neural networks, 453–454
applications, 453
functioning, 453
network training, 453
Neurotoxic shellfish poisons (NSP), 714
Neuston, 454, 467
Newton’s second law, 252
Nitrate reduction, 455
Nitrification, 455
Nitrobacter, 439
Nitrogen, 8–9, 11–13, 20, 23, 29, 67, 84, 124, 160, 164,
169–170, 197, 216–218, 224, 228, 280, 302, 305–308, 329,
336, 364, 389, 398, 400–401, 419, 426, 433, 439, 456, 458,
462–467, 478, 484, 493, 501, 523, 525, 543, 607, 609, 671,
730, 739
Nitrogen-based energy metabolism, 36
Nitrogen mass balance model, 401
Nitrosomonas, 439
Noctiluca scintillans, 492
Nonpoint source pollution, 29, 34, 309, 456–460
Clean Water Act, 459
impacts, 458
location and morphology, 458
management, 459–460
sedimentation and turbidity, 458, 459
water pollution sources, 457
water quality issues, 458
Nonstationary forcing, 461
Normoxic conditions, 501
North America, estuarine habitat restoration in, 283
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), 13, 123
Nourishment, 131–132, 134, 136–138, 204–205, 246, 351, 353, 535, 552,
554, 580–581, 659
Nuisance algal blooms (NAB), 8
Numerical model, 3, 50, 214, 220, 254, 281–282, 502, 552, 556, 562
Nursery, 85–86
Nutrient dynamics, 462–463
controlling factors, 462
cycling, 462
limitation, 462
sources, 462–463
uptake, 462
Nutrient limitation, 462–465
ecological importance, 463–464
human interferences, 464
nutrients ratio, 464
Nutrients, 464–466
carbon, 464
cycles, 464
cycling and sources for secondary consumers, 400–401
ecological importance, 464
estuarine behavior, 465
eutrophication, 465–466
limitation, 465
macronutrients, 464
micronutrients, 465
nitrogen, 464
phosphorus, 465
silicon, 465
sources, 465
sulfur, 465
O
Offshore waves, 53, 622
Oil pollution, 467–468
Om Beach, Gokarn, 152
Open Marsh Water Management (OMWM), 448
Optimization, 220
Orbital energy, 47
Overwash, 45, 49–50, 140, 142, 468, 727
Oxic conditions, 501
Oxygen deficient, 501
Oxygen depletion, 20, 79, 142, 171, 350, 388, 455, 469–470
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), 21–23
Oyster reefs, 93–94, 470–473
antecedent geological controls, 472
in Copano Bay, 471
paleogeographic distribution of, 472
P
Paleoshorelines, 591
Panambur beach, India, 149
Panulirus argus, 385
756
SUBJECT INDEX
Mean higher high water (MHHW), 665
Mean high water (MHW), 352, 665
Mean high water springs (MHWS), 665
Mean lower high water (MLHW), 665
Mean low water (MLW), 665
Mean low water neaps (MHWN), 665
Mean low water springs (MLWS), 665
Mean sea level (MSL), 432–433, 665
Mechanistic model, 220
Meiofauna, 66–67, 73, 245, 401, 433, 445, 525, 609, 669–670
Melampus bidentatus, 486
Menticirrhus americanus, 241
Merluccius capensis, 22
Mesogenetic carbonate rocks, 378
Metapenaeus, 399
Methanogenesis, 36
Microbial degradation, 433
Microbial survivability, 434–436
ballast water exchange, 434
toxic dinoflagellates, 434–435
Vibrio cholerae, 435–436
Microfauna, 73, 360, 433, 437
Micronutrients, 437, 465, 717
Microphytobenthos, 438
Mictyrid soldier crab. See Soldier crabs (mictyridae)
Mineralization, 438–445
biomediation, 441
crystallize from estuarine water, 441–442
as exoskeletons/endoskeletons, 440–441
inorganic alteration, 442–443
organic molecules to inorganic molecules, 439–440
types, 438–439, 443–445
Miranda plain, 117
Mixotrophic plankton, 447
Mixotrophy, 9, 12
Mnemiopsis leidyi, 369
Mobile infaunal species, 89, 91
Models for ecological monitoring, 219, 220
Model currency, 220
Monochromatic wave, 47
Mosquito ditching, 448
Mud-dominated deltas, 184, 186, 286
Mudflats, 97, 113, 115, 117, 144–147, 287, 320, 349, 365, 367, 387, 393,
510, 516, 523, 525–527, 546, 556, 578, 588, 685
in fauna, 209–210
of Sado River Estuary, Portugal, 147
Murray River delta, 185
Mutualism, 449, 525
Mytilus edulis, 83, 96, 498
N
National Environmental Policy Act, 232, 274
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 274, 391, 459
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), 457
Natural resource management, 1, 166, 235
Nearshore wind waves, 701–702
Nekton, 142, 279, 398–399, 451–452
assemblages, 451
movement, 451–452
sensory modality, 451
sonar instruments, 452
Neoichnology, 76
Nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), 720, 729
Net ecosystem production (NEP), 301, 401–402
Neural networks, 453–454
applications, 453
functioning, 453
network training, 453
Neurotoxic shellfish poisons (NSP), 714
Neuston, 454, 467
Newton’s second law, 252
Nitrate reduction, 455
Nitrification, 455
Nitrobacter, 439
Nitrogen, 8–9, 11–13, 20, 23, 29, 67, 84, 124, 160, 164,
169–170, 197, 216–218, 224, 228, 280, 302, 305–308, 329,
336, 364, 389, 398, 400–401, 419, 426, 433, 439, 456, 458,
462–467, 478, 484, 493, 501, 523, 525, 543, 607, 609, 671,
730, 739
Nitrogen-based energy metabolism, 36
Nitrogen mass balance model, 401
Nitrosomonas, 439
Noctiluca scintillans, 492
Nonpoint source pollution, 29, 34, 309, 456–460
Clean Water Act, 459
impacts, 458
location and morphology, 458
management, 459–460
sedimentation and turbidity, 458, 459
water pollution sources, 457
water quality issues, 458
Nonstationary forcing, 461
Normoxic conditions, 501
North America, estuarine habitat restoration in, 283
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), 13, 123
Nourishment, 131–132, 134, 136–138, 204–205, 246, 351, 353, 535, 552,
554, 580–581, 659
Nuisance algal blooms (NAB), 8
Numerical model, 3, 50, 214, 220, 254, 281–282, 502, 552, 556, 562
Nursery, 85–86
Nutrient dynamics, 462–463
controlling factors, 462
cycling, 462
limitation, 462
sources, 462–463
uptake, 462
Nutrient limitation, 462–465
ecological importance, 463–464
human interferences, 464
nutrients ratio, 464
Nutrients, 464–466
carbon, 464
cycles, 464
cycling and sources for secondary consumers, 400–401
ecological importance, 464
estuarine behavior, 465
eutrophication, 465–466
limitation, 465
macronutrients, 464
micronutrients, 465
nitrogen, 464
phosphorus, 465
silicon, 465
sources, 465
sulfur, 465
O
Offshore waves, 53, 622
Oil pollution, 467–468
Om Beach, Gokarn, 152
Open Marsh Water Management (OMWM), 448
Optimization, 220
Orbital energy, 47
Overwash, 45, 49–50, 140, 142, 468, 727
Oxic conditions, 501
Oxygen deficient, 501
Oxygen depletion, 20, 79, 142, 171, 350, 388, 455, 469–470
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), 21–23
Oyster reefs, 93–94, 470–473
antecedent geological controls, 472
in Copano Bay, 471
paleogeographic distribution of, 472
P
Paleoshorelines, 591
Panambur beach, India, 149
Panulirus argus, 385
756
SUBJECT INDEX