Dissolved inorganic phosphorous (DIP) concentration, 302
Dissolved organic matter (DOM), 17, 19, 198, 273, 328, 431, 433
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), 400
Dissolved oxygen (DO), 19–21, 25, 30, 75–76, 123, 125, 142–143,
202–203, 239, 302, 305–306, 319, 322, 325, 434, 455, 458–459,
462, 469, 487, 501, 544, 658, 716, 728–730, 741
Domain, 35-36, 81, 165, 218-220, 248, 250–251, 345, 500,
502, 571, 731
Double-crested ripples, 570
Dredge-and-fill operations, 204
Dredging, 29–30, 33, 136, 140, 142–143, 204–206, 223–224, 240–241,
274, 513, 535–536, 541, 552, 559, 696, 742
2DV cross-shore profile models, 50
Dynamic equilibrium, 352, 353, 597
Dynamic model, 220
E
Earthquake disturbances, 207–212
estuarine species, effects on, 208–209
fish and birds, 210
geological and geomorphic effects, 211–212
habitat changes, 208
on marine communities, 207
mudflat in fauna, 209–210
in Prince William Sound, Alaska, 208
seagrass, 210
sediment disturbance, 211
soft sediment disturbances, 212
species diversity and, 210–211
wetlands, 209
Eastern Long Island Sound, North America, marine/freshwater mixing, 411
Eastern Oyster. See Crassostrea virginica
Ebb-tidal deltas, 142, 152
Echinoderm (sea cucumber) production, 576
Ecobiology, 169–170
Ecocline, 237–241
Ecological modeling, 214–222
in aquatic sciences and fisheries abstracts (ASFA) online database, 215
classification scheme, 217
components, 215
Lotka-Volterra equations, 214
mass-balance approaches, 218
mathematical models, 217
modeling definitions, 219–220
process, 218, 219
Riley’s mechanistic approach, 214
sample model output, 216, 217
time-dynamic mechanistic models, 221–222
types of, 217–218
uses, 216
whole-system experiments, 216
Ecological monitoring, 223–227
contamination, 224
goals, 223–224
nitrogen concentration, 224
precaution, 226
press disturbance, 224
sampling, 224–225
spatial replication, 224
statistical interactions, 225–226
temporal replication, 225
types of changes, 224
Ecological niche, 227
Ecological stoichiometry, 228–230
C:N:P ratio, 228–229
conceptual framework, 228
and consumers, 228–229
estuaries, application to, 230
nutrient elements, 228
and primary producers, 228
regulation, 229
Ecological succession, 231–232
Ecological sustainability, 299
Economic sustainability, 299
Ecosystem-based management (EBM), 167, 232–235
challenges to application, 234–235
consensus building, 235
curiosity-driven research, 234
estuarine-marine EBM, 233–234
key characteristics, 233
marine/estuarine focus, 232
systematic assessment, 234
Ecosystem disruptive algal blooms (EDAB), 8
Ecosystem services, and estuarine beaches, 245
Ecotone, 237, 239–240
Ecotourism, 236
Eichhornia crassipes, 739
Emergent coasts, 591
Emergent shoreline, 237
Empirical model, 220
Endemic species, 237
Endoskeletons, minerals as, 440–441
Enteromorpha, 387
Enteromorpha prolifera, 9
Environmental gradients, 237–241
abiotic factors, 238
biotic factors, 238–239
ecotone and ecocline, 239–240
man-driven changes, 240–241
Eogenetic karst, 378
Epibiont, 242
Epifauna, 85, 86
Episesarma spp., 401
Equations of mass, 250–254
Equations of motion, 250–254
Equations of salt conservation, 250–254
Equinoctial low water spring tide (ELWS), 665–675
Equity sustainability, 299–300
Eriocheir sinensis, 368–369
Erosional coastlines, 591
Established foredunes, 334
Estuaries, 131
Caeté Estuary, 239
ecological stoichiometry, 230
factors determining types of deltas, 179
Goiana Estuary, 240
negative, 238
Paranaguá Estuary, 241
positive, 238
stratigraphy of deltas, 182–185
types of deltas within, 180–182
Estuarine
geometric forms of, 405
marine/freshwater mixing, 404–405
microorganisms, 389
salinity structure, 410
Estuarine beaches, 55, 243–246
biological processes, 67–68
bulkheads in, 246
chemical processes, 68–69
cross-sectional beach profile, 245
ecosystem services, 245
location, 61–62
management, 245–246
physical processes, 62–65, 243–245
sediment sources, 62
storm surge, 245
tidal currents, 245
Estuarine circulation, 247–256
analytical and numerical solutions, 254
analytical models, 254–255
classification, 248–250
equations of motion, mass and salt conservation, 250–254
formation and geological age, 247
Leibnitz differentiation rule, 253
Newton’s second law, 252
pioneer investigations, 247
salt-water dilution, 248
752
SUBJECT INDEX
Dissolved organic matter (DOM), 17, 19, 198, 273, 328, 431, 433
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), 400
Dissolved oxygen (DO), 19–21, 25, 30, 75–76, 123, 125, 142–143,
202–203, 239, 302, 305–306, 319, 322, 325, 434, 455, 458–459,
462, 469, 487, 501, 544, 658, 716, 728–730, 741
Domain, 35-36, 81, 165, 218-220, 248, 250–251, 345, 500,
502, 571, 731
Double-crested ripples, 570
Dredge-and-fill operations, 204
Dredging, 29–30, 33, 136, 140, 142–143, 204–206, 223–224, 240–241,
274, 513, 535–536, 541, 552, 559, 696, 742
2DV cross-shore profile models, 50
Dynamic equilibrium, 352, 353, 597
Dynamic model, 220
E
Earthquake disturbances, 207–212
estuarine species, effects on, 208–209
fish and birds, 210
geological and geomorphic effects, 211–212
habitat changes, 208
on marine communities, 207
mudflat in fauna, 209–210
in Prince William Sound, Alaska, 208
seagrass, 210
sediment disturbance, 211
soft sediment disturbances, 212
species diversity and, 210–211
wetlands, 209
Eastern Long Island Sound, North America, marine/freshwater mixing, 411
Eastern Oyster. See Crassostrea virginica
Ebb-tidal deltas, 142, 152
Echinoderm (sea cucumber) production, 576
Ecobiology, 169–170
Ecocline, 237–241
Ecological modeling, 214–222
in aquatic sciences and fisheries abstracts (ASFA) online database, 215
classification scheme, 217
components, 215
Lotka-Volterra equations, 214
mass-balance approaches, 218
mathematical models, 217
modeling definitions, 219–220
process, 218, 219
Riley’s mechanistic approach, 214
sample model output, 216, 217
time-dynamic mechanistic models, 221–222
types of, 217–218
uses, 216
whole-system experiments, 216
Ecological monitoring, 223–227
contamination, 224
goals, 223–224
nitrogen concentration, 224
precaution, 226
press disturbance, 224
sampling, 224–225
spatial replication, 224
statistical interactions, 225–226
temporal replication, 225
types of changes, 224
Ecological niche, 227
Ecological stoichiometry, 228–230
C:N:P ratio, 228–229
conceptual framework, 228
and consumers, 228–229
estuaries, application to, 230
nutrient elements, 228
and primary producers, 228
regulation, 229
Ecological succession, 231–232
Ecological sustainability, 299
Economic sustainability, 299
Ecosystem-based management (EBM), 167, 232–235
challenges to application, 234–235
consensus building, 235
curiosity-driven research, 234
estuarine-marine EBM, 233–234
key characteristics, 233
marine/estuarine focus, 232
systematic assessment, 234
Ecosystem disruptive algal blooms (EDAB), 8
Ecosystem services, and estuarine beaches, 245
Ecotone, 237, 239–240
Ecotourism, 236
Eichhornia crassipes, 739
Emergent coasts, 591
Emergent shoreline, 237
Empirical model, 220
Endemic species, 237
Endoskeletons, minerals as, 440–441
Enteromorpha, 387
Enteromorpha prolifera, 9
Environmental gradients, 237–241
abiotic factors, 238
biotic factors, 238–239
ecotone and ecocline, 239–240
man-driven changes, 240–241
Eogenetic karst, 378
Epibiont, 242
Epifauna, 85, 86
Episesarma spp., 401
Equations of mass, 250–254
Equations of motion, 250–254
Equations of salt conservation, 250–254
Equinoctial low water spring tide (ELWS), 665–675
Equity sustainability, 299–300
Eriocheir sinensis, 368–369
Erosional coastlines, 591
Established foredunes, 334
Estuaries, 131
Caeté Estuary, 239
ecological stoichiometry, 230
factors determining types of deltas, 179
Goiana Estuary, 240
negative, 238
Paranaguá Estuary, 241
positive, 238
stratigraphy of deltas, 182–185
types of deltas within, 180–182
Estuarine
geometric forms of, 405
marine/freshwater mixing, 404–405
microorganisms, 389
salinity structure, 410
Estuarine beaches, 55, 243–246
biological processes, 67–68
bulkheads in, 246
chemical processes, 68–69
cross-sectional beach profile, 245
ecosystem services, 245
location, 61–62
management, 245–246
physical processes, 62–65, 243–245
sediment sources, 62
storm surge, 245
tidal currents, 245
Estuarine circulation, 247–256
analytical and numerical solutions, 254
analytical models, 254–255
classification, 248–250
equations of motion, mass and salt conservation, 250–254
formation and geological age, 247
Leibnitz differentiation rule, 253
Newton’s second law, 252
pioneer investigations, 247
salt-water dilution, 248
752
SUBJECT INDEX