Chesapeake Bay, 123, 351, 353
estuarine beaches, 244
marine/freshwater mixing, 411
Chesapeake Bay Program restoration plan, 281–282
Chi-Chi earthquake, 210
Chinese mitten crabs, 368–369
Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis, 246
Ciquatera fish poisons (CFP), 714
Cladophora, 387, 388
Clastic coasts, 591
Clean Water Act (CWA), 459
Clean Water Act in 1972, 122
Climate change, 122–126, 297, 731–733
biogeochemical processes, 125
global and regional temperature, 124
modeling precipitation changes and impacts, 124
regional precipitation, 123–124
sea-level rise, 125
sediment processes, 124–125
Climate variability, 123–124
Clinocardium nuttallii, 209
Clostridium, 439
Coastal barriers, 128–129
Coastal bars, 144
Coastal bays, 31, 130, 140, 144, 305, 367, 430
Coastal cliffs, 130
Coastal dunes, 153–154, 156
Coastal Engineering Manual (CEM), 351, 352
Coastal environments, 49, 50
Coastal erosion
causes, 131
hard stabilization, 133–136
nonstructural measures, 137–138
processes, 131
risk mitigation, 131–133
Scalea beach, 132
soft stabilization, 136–137
Coastal formations, 46–47
Coastal indicators, 139
Coastal lagoons, 44, 46, 144–146
anthropogenic effects, 142–143
Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor, 141
biotic production, 142
Brazil, 118
formation, 140
Mar Chiquita, 119
physical-chemical characteristics, 140
sediment composition in, 288
sediments, 140, 142
Coastal landforms, 143–144
barrier islands, 144
beaches, 147–150
coastal bars, 144
coastal dunes, 153–154
coastal lagoons, 144–146
coral reefs, 154–155
Lighthouse Beach, New South Wales, 146
mudflats, 145–147
satellite image, 145
spits, 149–151
strandflats, 151
tidal delta, 151–153
Coastal management, integrated, 167
Coastal plain estuaries, 286
Coastal protection, 390–391
Coastal risks, 157–158
Coastal squeeze, 158–160
Coastal subsidence, 33
Coastal vulnerability index (CVI), 725
Coastal wetlands
Africa, 162
Asia, 162
Caribbean, 162
Central America, 162
Europe, 162
general distribution, 161
impacts, 162–163
importance, 161
North America, 161–162
Oceania, 162
polar coastal wetlands, 161
South America, 162
Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments of 1990 (CZARA), 459
Collie River delta, 185
Comb jelly, 369
Common periwinkle snail, 367
Compartment model, 220
Comprehensive landscape approach, 303
Conceptual model, 220
Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), 233
Contaminants, 74
Control and data acquisition unit, 5
Cooperative management, 166–167
Copano Bay, 472–473
Coral reefs, 154–155
Coseismic uplift, 723
Crassostrea virginica, 87, 471, 486
Critical natural capital (CNC), 299
Critical thermal maximum (CTMax), 487
Crude oils. See Oil pollution
Cultural seafood management, 165–168
cooperative management, 166–167
cultural keystone species, 165–166
ecosystem-based management, 167
integrated coastal management, 167
natural resource management, 166
Western science and management knowledge, 165
traditional ecological knowledge, 165
traditional fisheries management, 166
Cyanobacteria
cyanotoxicity, 170–171
ecobiology, 169–171
estuarine ecosystems, 170
CyanoHABs, 8, 9
Cyanotoxicity, 170–171
Cynoscion leiarchus, 241
Cyperus papyrus, 739
D
Dacrycarpus dacrydioides, 739
Dead zones, 8, 10, 19–26
Deep River delta, 58, 60, 180, 185
Delta development, beach ridges and, 117–119
Delta front estuaries, sediment composition in, 286–287
Delta plain, 61, 175, 176
Deltas, 177–186
Deming cycle, 53–54. See also PDCA cycle
Density stratification, 187
Depositional coastlines, 591
Descriptive model, 220
Determining geoheritage values, 187–196
Deterministic model, 220
Detritivores, 18, 197, 462, 719, 742
Detritus food webs, 197–198
Diagenesis, 68, 69, 71, 78, 188, 199, 200, 339, 342, 344, 378,
439, 442–445
Diagnostic transport time scales, 3
Diarrhetic shellfish poisons (DSP), 714
Diatoms, 8, 62, 66, 81, 124, 208, 212, 215, 389, 438, 440, 445, 464–465,
492, 493, 625, 628, 671, 675, 714–715, 718, 721
Diffusion, 76, 200–201
Digital elevation model (DEM), 6, 384, 550
Digital surface models (DSMs), 6, 384
2-dimensional vertical (2DV) cross-shore profile model, 50–51
Dinoflagellates, 8, 9–10, 124, 215, 434–436, 438, 492–493, 715, 716, 718
Discrete-return airborne laser terrain mapping (ALTM), 5
Dispersion, 201
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration, 302
SUBJECT INDEX
751
estuarine beaches, 244
marine/freshwater mixing, 411
Chesapeake Bay Program restoration plan, 281–282
Chi-Chi earthquake, 210
Chinese mitten crabs, 368–369
Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis, 246
Ciquatera fish poisons (CFP), 714
Cladophora, 387, 388
Clastic coasts, 591
Clean Water Act (CWA), 459
Clean Water Act in 1972, 122
Climate change, 122–126, 297, 731–733
biogeochemical processes, 125
global and regional temperature, 124
modeling precipitation changes and impacts, 124
regional precipitation, 123–124
sea-level rise, 125
sediment processes, 124–125
Climate variability, 123–124
Clinocardium nuttallii, 209
Clostridium, 439
Coastal barriers, 128–129
Coastal bars, 144
Coastal bays, 31, 130, 140, 144, 305, 367, 430
Coastal cliffs, 130
Coastal dunes, 153–154, 156
Coastal Engineering Manual (CEM), 351, 352
Coastal environments, 49, 50
Coastal erosion
causes, 131
hard stabilization, 133–136
nonstructural measures, 137–138
processes, 131
risk mitigation, 131–133
Scalea beach, 132
soft stabilization, 136–137
Coastal formations, 46–47
Coastal indicators, 139
Coastal lagoons, 44, 46, 144–146
anthropogenic effects, 142–143
Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor, 141
biotic production, 142
Brazil, 118
formation, 140
Mar Chiquita, 119
physical-chemical characteristics, 140
sediment composition in, 288
sediments, 140, 142
Coastal landforms, 143–144
barrier islands, 144
beaches, 147–150
coastal bars, 144
coastal dunes, 153–154
coastal lagoons, 144–146
coral reefs, 154–155
Lighthouse Beach, New South Wales, 146
mudflats, 145–147
satellite image, 145
spits, 149–151
strandflats, 151
tidal delta, 151–153
Coastal management, integrated, 167
Coastal plain estuaries, 286
Coastal protection, 390–391
Coastal risks, 157–158
Coastal squeeze, 158–160
Coastal subsidence, 33
Coastal vulnerability index (CVI), 725
Coastal wetlands
Africa, 162
Asia, 162
Caribbean, 162
Central America, 162
Europe, 162
general distribution, 161
impacts, 162–163
importance, 161
North America, 161–162
Oceania, 162
polar coastal wetlands, 161
South America, 162
Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments of 1990 (CZARA), 459
Collie River delta, 185
Comb jelly, 369
Common periwinkle snail, 367
Compartment model, 220
Comprehensive landscape approach, 303
Conceptual model, 220
Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), 233
Contaminants, 74
Control and data acquisition unit, 5
Cooperative management, 166–167
Copano Bay, 472–473
Coral reefs, 154–155
Coseismic uplift, 723
Crassostrea virginica, 87, 471, 486
Critical natural capital (CNC), 299
Critical thermal maximum (CTMax), 487
Crude oils. See Oil pollution
Cultural seafood management, 165–168
cooperative management, 166–167
cultural keystone species, 165–166
ecosystem-based management, 167
integrated coastal management, 167
natural resource management, 166
Western science and management knowledge, 165
traditional ecological knowledge, 165
traditional fisheries management, 166
Cyanobacteria
cyanotoxicity, 170–171
ecobiology, 169–171
estuarine ecosystems, 170
CyanoHABs, 8, 9
Cyanotoxicity, 170–171
Cynoscion leiarchus, 241
Cyperus papyrus, 739
D
Dacrycarpus dacrydioides, 739
Dead zones, 8, 10, 19–26
Deep River delta, 58, 60, 180, 185
Delta development, beach ridges and, 117–119
Delta front estuaries, sediment composition in, 286–287
Delta plain, 61, 175, 176
Deltas, 177–186
Deming cycle, 53–54. See also PDCA cycle
Density stratification, 187
Depositional coastlines, 591
Descriptive model, 220
Determining geoheritage values, 187–196
Deterministic model, 220
Detritivores, 18, 197, 462, 719, 742
Detritus food webs, 197–198
Diagenesis, 68, 69, 71, 78, 188, 199, 200, 339, 342, 344, 378,
439, 442–445
Diagnostic transport time scales, 3
Diarrhetic shellfish poisons (DSP), 714
Diatoms, 8, 62, 66, 81, 124, 208, 212, 215, 389, 438, 440, 445, 464–465,
492, 493, 625, 628, 671, 675, 714–715, 718, 721
Diffusion, 76, 200–201
Digital elevation model (DEM), 6, 384, 550
Digital surface models (DSMs), 6, 384
2-dimensional vertical (2DV) cross-shore profile model, 50–51
Dinoflagellates, 8, 9–10, 124, 215, 434–436, 438, 492–493, 715, 716, 718
Discrete-return airborne laser terrain mapping (ALTM), 5
Dispersion, 201
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration, 302
SUBJECT INDEX
751