Barrier islands (Continued )
environmental conditions, 49
evolution of, 50
fetch-limited, 48
morphogenesis, 50
numerical modeling, 50–51
origin, 48–49
Barrier regression, 50, 51
Barrier spits, 51, 53
Barrier transgression, 49
Bathymetric lidar systems, 5
Bay, 316
Bay-head deltas, 79, 177
Beach cusps, 148
Panambur beach, India, 149
Beach(es), 147–150
Beach management, 53–55
activity, 53–54
cycle, 54–55
Beach processes, 54–71
biological processes, 66
chemical processes, 66, 68–69
cusps, 63–64
locations, 55, 61–62
microbial decay, 67–68
physical processes, 62–63
profiles, 58, 60
sediment particles, 62
selection of, 56–59
slopes, 58
Beach ridges, 57–58, 60–61, 114, 144, 149, 156, 175, 182, 185, 261,
265–267, 269, 536, 639–640
and delta development, 117–119
Beach rock, India, 150
Beach sand mining, 535
Bedforms
characters, 568
morphology, 569
types, 569–571
Bedrock valley, 296
Behavioral ecology, 451–452
Benguela current systems, 21
Benthic ecology, 73–74
Benthophagous, 318, 719
Bioaccumulation, 74–75
Bioavailability, 75
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 75–76
Biogenic sedimentary structures, 76–80
arthropods, 79–80
bay-head deltas, 79
categories, 76–77
characteristics, 77
ichnofacies model, 78–79
phylogenetic classification, 77–78
tide-dominated estuaries, 79
Biogenous sediments, 81
Biogeochemical processes, 125
Bioindicators, 82
Biological mineralization, 439–440
Biomagnification, 82–83
Biomonitors, 83–84
Bioremediation, 84
Biotic factors, 238–239
Biotic production, 142
Biotransformation, 439–440
Birds, and earthquake disturbances, 210
Bivalve aquaculture, 85–88
breeding, 87–88
classification, 85
environmental impacts of, 87
epifaunal organisms, 86
hatchery/nursery process, 86
important aspect of, 88
infaunal species, 86
Bivalve molluscs, 89–101
aquaculture, 99–100
characteristics, 89–96
mapping, 99
restoration, 96–99
river diversions, 100–101
Black Sea, 22–23
Blakeney Point, Sheringham, 148
Blue carbon, 109
Blue crabs, 109–110
Boundary conditions, 219
Brazilian coastal lagoons, 118
Breakwaters, 134
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, 396
Bulk density, 420–423
Bulkheads, 111, 134–135
C
Caete estuary, 239
Caiman sp., 740
Calibration, 219–220
Callinectes sapidus, 486, 489, 499
Campos Verdes plains, 119
Camptostemon, 395
Canterbury earthquakes, 208
Cantilever bulkheads, 111
Caravelas River Estuary, SE Brazilian coast,
249, 252
Carbon, 464
Carbonate coasts, 591
Carbonate content, 425–426
Carbonate Island Karst Model (CIKM), 373
Carbonates, 373
coastal environment, 373
rocks, 378–379
sediments, 376
Carbon sequestration, 113
Carbon sinks, 113
Carbon sources, 42
Carcinus maenas, 367–368, 486, 489, 498
Cariaco basin, 23
Carnivores, 719
Carrying capacity, 85
Cathorops
C. agassizii, 239, 318
C. spixii, 239, 241, 318
Caulerpa taxifolia, 366
Cephalotus sp., 740
Ceramium, 387
Chamaecyparis sp., 740
Charophytes, 440
Chart datum (CD), 665
Chasmagnathus (Neohelice) granulata, 488
Chemical agents, 75
Chemotropicity, 469
Cheniers, 113–120
age, 117
bayhead plains, 116–117
and beach-ridge plains, 115
beach ridges and delta development,
117–119
bight-coast plains, 116
Brazilian coastal lagoons, 118
fine-sandy, 115
location, 114
Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, 119
medium-to coarse-sandy, 114–115
origin and composition, 114–115
Paraná-Uruguay composite delta, 116
processes and mechanisms, 119–120
regressive bedforms, 115–117
ridges/plains, 149–150
San Sebastián Bay, 116
sea-level trend, 114
750
SUBJECT INDEX
environmental conditions, 49
evolution of, 50
fetch-limited, 48
morphogenesis, 50
numerical modeling, 50–51
origin, 48–49
Barrier regression, 50, 51
Barrier spits, 51, 53
Barrier transgression, 49
Bathymetric lidar systems, 5
Bay, 316
Bay-head deltas, 79, 177
Beach cusps, 148
Panambur beach, India, 149
Beach(es), 147–150
Beach management, 53–55
activity, 53–54
cycle, 54–55
Beach processes, 54–71
biological processes, 66
chemical processes, 66, 68–69
cusps, 63–64
locations, 55, 61–62
microbial decay, 67–68
physical processes, 62–63
profiles, 58, 60
sediment particles, 62
selection of, 56–59
slopes, 58
Beach ridges, 57–58, 60–61, 114, 144, 149, 156, 175, 182, 185, 261,
265–267, 269, 536, 639–640
and delta development, 117–119
Beach rock, India, 150
Beach sand mining, 535
Bedforms
characters, 568
morphology, 569
types, 569–571
Bedrock valley, 296
Behavioral ecology, 451–452
Benguela current systems, 21
Benthic ecology, 73–74
Benthophagous, 318, 719
Bioaccumulation, 74–75
Bioavailability, 75
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 75–76
Biogenic sedimentary structures, 76–80
arthropods, 79–80
bay-head deltas, 79
categories, 76–77
characteristics, 77
ichnofacies model, 78–79
phylogenetic classification, 77–78
tide-dominated estuaries, 79
Biogenous sediments, 81
Biogeochemical processes, 125
Bioindicators, 82
Biological mineralization, 439–440
Biomagnification, 82–83
Biomonitors, 83–84
Bioremediation, 84
Biotic factors, 238–239
Biotic production, 142
Biotransformation, 439–440
Birds, and earthquake disturbances, 210
Bivalve aquaculture, 85–88
breeding, 87–88
classification, 85
environmental impacts of, 87
epifaunal organisms, 86
hatchery/nursery process, 86
important aspect of, 88
infaunal species, 86
Bivalve molluscs, 89–101
aquaculture, 99–100
characteristics, 89–96
mapping, 99
restoration, 96–99
river diversions, 100–101
Black Sea, 22–23
Blakeney Point, Sheringham, 148
Blue carbon, 109
Blue crabs, 109–110
Boundary conditions, 219
Brazilian coastal lagoons, 118
Breakwaters, 134
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, 396
Bulk density, 420–423
Bulkheads, 111, 134–135
C
Caete estuary, 239
Caiman sp., 740
Calibration, 219–220
Callinectes sapidus, 486, 489, 499
Campos Verdes plains, 119
Camptostemon, 395
Canterbury earthquakes, 208
Cantilever bulkheads, 111
Caravelas River Estuary, SE Brazilian coast,
249, 252
Carbon, 464
Carbonate coasts, 591
Carbonate content, 425–426
Carbonate Island Karst Model (CIKM), 373
Carbonates, 373
coastal environment, 373
rocks, 378–379
sediments, 376
Carbon sequestration, 113
Carbon sinks, 113
Carbon sources, 42
Carcinus maenas, 367–368, 486, 489, 498
Cariaco basin, 23
Carnivores, 719
Carrying capacity, 85
Cathorops
C. agassizii, 239, 318
C. spixii, 239, 241, 318
Caulerpa taxifolia, 366
Cephalotus sp., 740
Ceramium, 387
Chamaecyparis sp., 740
Charophytes, 440
Chart datum (CD), 665
Chasmagnathus (Neohelice) granulata, 488
Chemical agents, 75
Chemotropicity, 469
Cheniers, 113–120
age, 117
bayhead plains, 116–117
and beach-ridge plains, 115
beach ridges and delta development,
117–119
bight-coast plains, 116
Brazilian coastal lagoons, 118
fine-sandy, 115
location, 114
Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, 119
medium-to coarse-sandy, 114–115
origin and composition, 114–115
Paraná-Uruguay composite delta, 116
processes and mechanisms, 119–120
regressive bedforms, 115–117
ridges/plains, 149–150
San Sebastián Bay, 116
sea-level trend, 114
750
SUBJECT INDEX