Summary
The purpose of this work is to briefly summarize the complex processes, mechanisms, and physics involved in sediment transport. This contribution provides a short review
of sediment entrainment features, empirical and semiempirical correlations of bed-load transport, and formulas
used to calculate settling velocity. In addition, it provides
examples of sedimentary structures that are the direct
stratigraphic translation of sediment transport.
Bibliography
Ackers, P., and White, W. R., 1973. Sediment transport: new
approach and analysis. Journal of the Hydraulics Division
ASCE, 99(HY11), 2041.
Ahrens, J. P., 2000. The fall-velocity equation. Journal of Watenvay,
Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 126(2), 99–102.
Chanson, H., 1999. The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow.
London: Arnold.
Cheng, N. S., 1997. Simplified settling velocity formula for sediment particle. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 123(2),
149–152.
Dietrich, W. E., 1982. Settling velocity of natural particles. Water
Resources Research, 18(6), 1615–1626.
du Boys, P., 1879. Le Rhone et les rivieres a lit affouillable. Annales
des Ponts et Chausse ´es: Me ´moires et Documents, 5(18),
141–195.
Einstein, H. A., 1942. Formulae for transportation of bed-load.
Transaction of ASCE, 107, 561–577.
Einstein, H. A., 1950. The bed load function of sediment transportation in open channels. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Soil Conservation. Technical Bulletin 1026.
Einstein, H. A., and Chien, N., 1955. Effects of Heavy Sediment
Concentration Near the Bed on Velocity and Sediment
Distribution. Omaha: University of California, Institute of Engineering Research and United States Army Engineering Division,
Missouri River, Corps of Engineers. M.R.D. Sediment Series
No. 8.
Ferguson, R. I., and Church, M., 2004. A simple universal equation
for grain settling velocity. Journal of Sedimentary Geology, 74,
933–937.
Fernandez-Luque, R., and van Beek, R., 1976. Erosion and transport of bedload sediment. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,
14(2), 127.
Gessler, J., 1971. Beginning and ceasing of sediment motion. In
Shen, H. W. (ed.), River Mechanics. Littleton: Water Resources.
Chap. 7.
Graf, W. H., 1971. Hydraulics of Sediment Transport. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Graf, W. H., and Altinakar, M. S., 1998. Fluvial Hydraulics.
London: Wiley.
Grass, A. J., 1970. Initial instability of fine sand bed. Journal of the
Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 96(HY3), 619–632.
Hallermeier, R. J., 1981. Terminal settling velocity of commonly
occurring sand grains. Sedimentology, 28(6), 859–865.
Hassanzadeh, Y., 1979. Distribution des vitesses et des concentrations dans un écoulement diphasique liquide/solide à surface
libre. La Houille Blanche, No. 1, Paris.
Hassanzadeh, Y., 1985. Hydrodynamics of Two-Phase Flows.
Fifteenth Congress on Large Dams. Lausanne/Suisse: ICOLD.
Julien, Y. P., 1995. Erosion and Sedimentation. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Mei, C. C., Liu, K., and Ng, C., 1994. Two models for roll waves in
a mud layer. In Proceeding of the ICHD, 94, Wuxi.
Meyer-Peter, E., 1951. Transport des matieres solides en general et
problem speciaux. Bulletin Genie Civil d’Hydraulique Fluviale,
5 (in French).
Meyer-Peter, E., and Müller, R., 1948. Formulas for bed-load transport. In Proceedings of the 2nd Meeting of the International
Association for Hydraulic Structures Research. Stockholm:
Sweden, pp. 39–64.
Meyer-Peter, E., and Müller, R., 1949. Eine Formel zur Berechnung
des Geschiebetriebs. Schweiz. Bauzeitung 67, Nr. 3.
Nielsen, P., 1992. Coastal Bottom Boundary Layers
and Sediment Transport. Singapore/River Edge: World
Scientific.
Paintal, A. S., 1971. Concept of critical shear stress in loose
boundary open channels. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 9,
91–113.
Parker, G., 1979. Hydraulic geometry of active gravel rivers. Journal of the Hydraulics Division American Society of Civil Engineers, 105, 1185–1201.
Raudkivi, A. J., 1976. Loose Boundary Hydraulics. Oxford:
Pergamon Press.
Schoklitsch, A., 1930. Handbuch des Wasserbaues, 2nd edn.
Vienna: Springer. English Translation (1937) by S. Shulits.
Schoklitsch, A., 1950. Handbuch des Wasserbaus, 2nd edn. Vienna:
Springer.
Shen, H. W., and Hung, C. S., 1971. An engineering approach to
total bed material load by regression analysis. In: Proceedings
Sedimentation Symposium, Berkeley.
Shields, A., 1936. Anwendung der Aehnlichkeitsmechanik und der
Turbulenzforschung auf die Geschiebebewegung [Application
of Similarity Mechanics and Turbulence Research on Shear
Flow]. Mitteilungen der Preußischen Versuchsanstalt für
Wasserbau (in German) 26. Berlin: Preußische Versuchsanstalt
für Wasserbau.
Soulsby, R. L., 1997. Dynamics of Marine Sands. London: Thomas
Telford.
Swamee, P. K., and Ojha, C. S. P., 1991. Closure of discussion on
drag coefficient and fall velocity of nonspherical particles. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 117(11), 1591–1592.
U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research
Center, 2003. Coastal Engineering Manual-Appendix A –
Glossary, p. 95. Crear.
van Rijn, L. C., 1984. Sediment transport, part II: suspended load
transport. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 110(11),
1613–1641.
Van Rijn, L. C., 1993. Principles of sediment transport in rivers,
estuaries and coastal seas, 7.41–7.43 (stochastic predictor),
Oldemarkt: Aqua Publications.
Vanoni, V. A., 1984. Fifty years of sedimentation. Journal of
Hydraulic Engineering ASCE, 110(8), 1022.
Yalin, M. S., 1963. An expression for bed load transportation.
ASCE, 89(HY3), 221.
Yalin, M. S., 1972. Mechanics of Sediment Transport. Oxford:
Pergamon Press.
Yang, C. T., 1972. Unit stream power and sediment transport. Proceedings of ASCE, 98(HY10), 1805–1826.
Yang, C. T., 1973. Incipient motion and sediment transport. Proceedings of ASCE, 99(HY10), 1679–1704.
Zanke, U., 1977. Berechung der Sinkgeschwindigkeiten von
sedimenten. Mitt. des Franzius-Instituts für Wasserbau,
46(243), Technical University, Hannover.
Cross-references
Sediment Grain Size
Sediment Resuspension
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT
567
The purpose of this work is to briefly summarize the complex processes, mechanisms, and physics involved in sediment transport. This contribution provides a short review
of sediment entrainment features, empirical and semiempirical correlations of bed-load transport, and formulas
used to calculate settling velocity. In addition, it provides
examples of sedimentary structures that are the direct
stratigraphic translation of sediment transport.
Bibliography
Ackers, P., and White, W. R., 1973. Sediment transport: new
approach and analysis. Journal of the Hydraulics Division
ASCE, 99(HY11), 2041.
Ahrens, J. P., 2000. The fall-velocity equation. Journal of Watenvay,
Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 126(2), 99–102.
Chanson, H., 1999. The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow.
London: Arnold.
Cheng, N. S., 1997. Simplified settling velocity formula for sediment particle. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 123(2),
149–152.
Dietrich, W. E., 1982. Settling velocity of natural particles. Water
Resources Research, 18(6), 1615–1626.
du Boys, P., 1879. Le Rhone et les rivieres a lit affouillable. Annales
des Ponts et Chausse ´es: Me ´moires et Documents, 5(18),
141–195.
Einstein, H. A., 1942. Formulae for transportation of bed-load.
Transaction of ASCE, 107, 561–577.
Einstein, H. A., 1950. The bed load function of sediment transportation in open channels. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Soil Conservation. Technical Bulletin 1026.
Einstein, H. A., and Chien, N., 1955. Effects of Heavy Sediment
Concentration Near the Bed on Velocity and Sediment
Distribution. Omaha: University of California, Institute of Engineering Research and United States Army Engineering Division,
Missouri River, Corps of Engineers. M.R.D. Sediment Series
No. 8.
Ferguson, R. I., and Church, M., 2004. A simple universal equation
for grain settling velocity. Journal of Sedimentary Geology, 74,
933–937.
Fernandez-Luque, R., and van Beek, R., 1976. Erosion and transport of bedload sediment. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,
14(2), 127.
Gessler, J., 1971. Beginning and ceasing of sediment motion. In
Shen, H. W. (ed.), River Mechanics. Littleton: Water Resources.
Chap. 7.
Graf, W. H., 1971. Hydraulics of Sediment Transport. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Graf, W. H., and Altinakar, M. S., 1998. Fluvial Hydraulics.
London: Wiley.
Grass, A. J., 1970. Initial instability of fine sand bed. Journal of the
Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 96(HY3), 619–632.
Hallermeier, R. J., 1981. Terminal settling velocity of commonly
occurring sand grains. Sedimentology, 28(6), 859–865.
Hassanzadeh, Y., 1979. Distribution des vitesses et des concentrations dans un écoulement diphasique liquide/solide à surface
libre. La Houille Blanche, No. 1, Paris.
Hassanzadeh, Y., 1985. Hydrodynamics of Two-Phase Flows.
Fifteenth Congress on Large Dams. Lausanne/Suisse: ICOLD.
Julien, Y. P., 1995. Erosion and Sedimentation. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Mei, C. C., Liu, K., and Ng, C., 1994. Two models for roll waves in
a mud layer. In Proceeding of the ICHD, 94, Wuxi.
Meyer-Peter, E., 1951. Transport des matieres solides en general et
problem speciaux. Bulletin Genie Civil d’Hydraulique Fluviale,
5 (in French).
Meyer-Peter, E., and Müller, R., 1948. Formulas for bed-load transport. In Proceedings of the 2nd Meeting of the International
Association for Hydraulic Structures Research. Stockholm:
Sweden, pp. 39–64.
Meyer-Peter, E., and Müller, R., 1949. Eine Formel zur Berechnung
des Geschiebetriebs. Schweiz. Bauzeitung 67, Nr. 3.
Nielsen, P., 1992. Coastal Bottom Boundary Layers
and Sediment Transport. Singapore/River Edge: World
Scientific.
Paintal, A. S., 1971. Concept of critical shear stress in loose
boundary open channels. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 9,
91–113.
Parker, G., 1979. Hydraulic geometry of active gravel rivers. Journal of the Hydraulics Division American Society of Civil Engineers, 105, 1185–1201.
Raudkivi, A. J., 1976. Loose Boundary Hydraulics. Oxford:
Pergamon Press.
Schoklitsch, A., 1930. Handbuch des Wasserbaues, 2nd edn.
Vienna: Springer. English Translation (1937) by S. Shulits.
Schoklitsch, A., 1950. Handbuch des Wasserbaus, 2nd edn. Vienna:
Springer.
Shen, H. W., and Hung, C. S., 1971. An engineering approach to
total bed material load by regression analysis. In: Proceedings
Sedimentation Symposium, Berkeley.
Shields, A., 1936. Anwendung der Aehnlichkeitsmechanik und der
Turbulenzforschung auf die Geschiebebewegung [Application
of Similarity Mechanics and Turbulence Research on Shear
Flow]. Mitteilungen der Preußischen Versuchsanstalt für
Wasserbau (in German) 26. Berlin: Preußische Versuchsanstalt
für Wasserbau.
Soulsby, R. L., 1997. Dynamics of Marine Sands. London: Thomas
Telford.
Swamee, P. K., and Ojha, C. S. P., 1991. Closure of discussion on
drag coefficient and fall velocity of nonspherical particles. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 117(11), 1591–1592.
U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research
Center, 2003. Coastal Engineering Manual-Appendix A –
Glossary, p. 95. Crear.
van Rijn, L. C., 1984. Sediment transport, part II: suspended load
transport. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 110(11),
1613–1641.
Van Rijn, L. C., 1993. Principles of sediment transport in rivers,
estuaries and coastal seas, 7.41–7.43 (stochastic predictor),
Oldemarkt: Aqua Publications.
Vanoni, V. A., 1984. Fifty years of sedimentation. Journal of
Hydraulic Engineering ASCE, 110(8), 1022.
Yalin, M. S., 1963. An expression for bed load transportation.
ASCE, 89(HY3), 221.
Yalin, M. S., 1972. Mechanics of Sediment Transport. Oxford:
Pergamon Press.
Yang, C. T., 1972. Unit stream power and sediment transport. Proceedings of ASCE, 98(HY10), 1805–1826.
Yang, C. T., 1973. Incipient motion and sediment transport. Proceedings of ASCE, 99(HY10), 1679–1704.
Zanke, U., 1977. Berechung der Sinkgeschwindigkeiten von
sedimenten. Mitt. des Franzius-Instituts für Wasserbau,
46(243), Technical University, Hannover.
Cross-references
Sediment Grain Size
Sediment Resuspension
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT
567