Sponaugle, S., and Lawton, P., 1990. Portunid crab predation on
juvenile hard clams: effects of substrate type and prey density.
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 67, 43–53.
Stanley, D. W., and Sellers, M. A., 1986. Species Profile: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and
Invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico)-American Oyster. United States
Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Biological Services. Report
No. 82(11.64) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4,
25 pp.
Starke, A., Levinton, J. S., and Doall, M., 2011. Restoration of
Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) to the Hudson River, USA:
a spatiotemporal modeling approach. Journal of Shellfish
Research, 30, 671–684.
Stokesbury, K. D. E., Baker, E. P., Harris, B. P., and Rheault, R. B.,
2011. Environmental impacts related to mechanical harvest of
cultured shellfish, Ch. 11. In Shumway, S. E. (ed.), Shellfish
Aquaculture and the Environment. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell,
pp. 319–338.
Street, M. W., Deaton, A. S., Chappell, W. S., and Mooreside, P. D.,
2005. Chapter 3 shell bottom. In North Carolina Coastal Habitat
Protection Plan. Morehead City, NC: North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Marine
Fisheries, pp. 201–256.
Stunz, G. W., Minello, T. J., and Rozas, L. R., 2010. Relative value
of oyster reef as habitat for estuarine nekton in Galveston Bay,
Texas. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 406, 147–159.
Summerhayes, S. A., Bishop, M. J., Leigh, A., and Kelaher, B. P.,
2009. Effects of oyster death and shell disarticulation on associated communities of epibiota. Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology and Ecology, 379, 60–67.
Taylor, J., and Bushek, D., 2008. Intertidal oyster reefs can persist
and function in a temperate North American Atlantic estuary.
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 361, 301–306.
Thibault, J., Sanders, F. J., and Jodice, P. G. R., 2010. Parental attendance and brood success in American Oystercatchers. Waterbirds, 33, 511–517.
Thieltges, D. W., Strasser, M., and Reise, K., 2006. How bad are
invaders in coastal waters? The case of the American slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata in western Europe. Biological Invasions,
8, 1673–1680.
Thomsen, M. S., Silliman, B. R., and McGlathery, K. J., 2007. Spatial variation in recruitment of native and invasive sessile species
onto oyster reefs in a temperate soft-bottom lagoon. Estuarine,
Coastal and Shelf Science, 72, 89–101.
Thrush, S. F., Hewitt, J. E., Cummings, V. J., and Dayton, P. K.,
1995. The impact of habitat disturbance by scallop dredging on
marine benthic communities: what can be predicted from the
results of experiments? Marine Ecology Progress Series, 129,
141–150.
Tolley, S. G., and Volety, A. K., 2005. The role of oysters in habitat
use of oyster reefs by resident fishes and decapod crustaceans.
Journal of Shellfish Research, 24, 1007–1012.
Tolley, S. G., Volety, A. K., and Savarese, M., 2005. Influence
of salinity on the habitat use of oyster reefs in three
Southwest Florida estuaries. Journal of Shellfish Research, 24,
127–138.
Trimble, A. C., Ruesink, J. L., Dumbauld, B. R., et al., 2009. Factors
preventing the recovery of a historically overexploited shellfish
species, Ostrea lurida Carpenter 1864. Journal of Shellfish
Research, 28, 97–106.
Valentine, J. F., and Heck, K. L., Jr., 1993. Mussels in seagrass
meadows: their influence on macroinvertebrate abundance and
secondary production in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Marine
Ecology Progress Series, 96, 63–74.
Volety, A. K., Savarese, M., Tolley, S. G., Arnold, W. S., Sime, P.,
Goodman, P., Chamberlain, R. H., and Doering, P. H., 2009.
Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) as an indicator for
restoration of Everglades ecosystems. Ecological Indicators, 9
(6) supplement 1, S120–S136.
Volety, A., 2013. Southwest Florida shelf coastal marine ecosystem –
Habitat: oyster reefs. In: Nuttle, W.K., and Fletcher, P.J., (eds.),
Integrated Conceptual Ecosystem Model Development for the
Southwest Florida Shelf Coastal Marine Ecosystem. Miami, FL:
NOAA Technical Memorandum, OAR-AOML-102 and NOSNCCOS-162. pp. 67–79, 109 pp. http://sofla-mares.org/docs/
MARES_SWFS_ICEM_20130913_Appendix_OysterReefs.pdf
Waldbusser, G. G., Powell, E. N., and Mann, R., 2013. Ecosystem
effects of shell aggregations and cycling in coastal waters: an
example of Chesapeake Bay oyster reefs. Ecology, 94, 895–903.
Waldbusser, G. G., and Salisbury, J. E., 2014. Ocean acidification in
the coastal zone from an organism's perspective: multiple system parameters, frequency domains, and habitats. Annual
Review of Marine Science, 6, 221–247.
Wall, L. M., Walters, L. J., Grizzle, R. E., and Sacks, P. E., 2005.
Recreational boating activity and its impact on the recruitment
and survival of the oyster Crassostrea virginica on intertidal
reefs in Mosquito Lagoon, Florida. Journal of Shellfish
Research, 24, 965–973.
Wall, C. C., Peterson, B. J., and Gobler, C. J., 2008. The facilitation
of seagrass Zostera marina productivity by suspension feeding
bivalves. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 357, 165–174.
Wall, C. C., Peterson, B. J., and Gobler, C. J., 2011. The growth of
estuarine resources (Zostera marina, Mercenaria mercenaria,
Crassostrea virginica, Argopecten irradians, Cyprinodon
variegatus) in response to nutrient loading and enhanced suspension feeding by adult shellfish. Estuaries and Coasts, 34,
1262–1277.
Walters, K., and Coen, L. D., 2006. A comparison of statistical
approaches to analyzing community convergence between natural and constructed oyster reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology and Ecology, 330, 81–95.
Weinstein, M. P., Balletto, J. H., Teal, J. M., and Ludwig, D. F.,
1997. Success criteria and adaptive management for a large-scale
wetland restoration project. Wetlands Ecology and Management,
4, 111–127.
Wells, H. W., 1961. The fauna of oyster beds, with special reference
to the salinity factor. Ecological Monographs, 31, 266–329.
Wenner, E., Beatty, H. R., and Coen, L., 1996. A quantitative system
for sampling nekton on intertidal oyster reefs. Journal of Shellfish Research, 15, 769–775.
Wilber, D. H., 1992. Associations between freshwater inflows and
oyster productivity in Apalachicola Bay, Florida. Estuarine,
Coastal and Shelf Science, 35, 179–190.
Wildish, D., and Kristmanson, D., 1997. Benthic Suspension
Feeders and Flow. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
Press. 409 pp.
Wilker, J. J., 2011. Biomaterials: redox and adhesion on the rocks.
Nature Chemical Biology, 7, 579–580.
Williams, S. W., and Heck, K. L., Jr., 2001. Seagrass communities.
In Bertness, M., Gaines, S., and Hay, M. (eds.), Marine Community Ecology. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Press, pp. 317–337.
Wolff, W. J., and Reise, K., 2002. Oyster imports as a vector for the
introduction of alien species into northern and western European
coastal waters. In Leppäkoski, E., Gollasch, S., and Olenin,
S., (eds.), Invasive Aquatic Species in Europe. Dordrecht:
Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 193–205.
Woods, H., Hargis, W. J., Hershner, C. H., and Mason, P., 2005. Disappearance of the natural emergent 3-dimensional oyster reef
system of the James River, Virginia, 1871–1948. Journal of
Shellfish Research, 24, 139–142.
Wrange, A.-L. J. V., Harkestad, L. S., Strand, Ø., Lindegarth, S.,
Christensen, H. T., Dolmer, P., Kristensen, P. S., and Mortensen,
S., 2010. Massive settlements of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea
gigas, in Scandinavia. Biological Invasions, 12, 1145–1152.
108
BIVALVE MOLLUSCS
juvenile hard clams: effects of substrate type and prey density.
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 67, 43–53.
Stanley, D. W., and Sellers, M. A., 1986. Species Profile: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and
Invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico)-American Oyster. United States
Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Biological Services. Report
No. 82(11.64) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4,
25 pp.
Starke, A., Levinton, J. S., and Doall, M., 2011. Restoration of
Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) to the Hudson River, USA:
a spatiotemporal modeling approach. Journal of Shellfish
Research, 30, 671–684.
Stokesbury, K. D. E., Baker, E. P., Harris, B. P., and Rheault, R. B.,
2011. Environmental impacts related to mechanical harvest of
cultured shellfish, Ch. 11. In Shumway, S. E. (ed.), Shellfish
Aquaculture and the Environment. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell,
pp. 319–338.
Street, M. W., Deaton, A. S., Chappell, W. S., and Mooreside, P. D.,
2005. Chapter 3 shell bottom. In North Carolina Coastal Habitat
Protection Plan. Morehead City, NC: North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Marine
Fisheries, pp. 201–256.
Stunz, G. W., Minello, T. J., and Rozas, L. R., 2010. Relative value
of oyster reef as habitat for estuarine nekton in Galveston Bay,
Texas. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 406, 147–159.
Summerhayes, S. A., Bishop, M. J., Leigh, A., and Kelaher, B. P.,
2009. Effects of oyster death and shell disarticulation on associated communities of epibiota. Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology and Ecology, 379, 60–67.
Taylor, J., and Bushek, D., 2008. Intertidal oyster reefs can persist
and function in a temperate North American Atlantic estuary.
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 361, 301–306.
Thibault, J., Sanders, F. J., and Jodice, P. G. R., 2010. Parental attendance and brood success in American Oystercatchers. Waterbirds, 33, 511–517.
Thieltges, D. W., Strasser, M., and Reise, K., 2006. How bad are
invaders in coastal waters? The case of the American slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata in western Europe. Biological Invasions,
8, 1673–1680.
Thomsen, M. S., Silliman, B. R., and McGlathery, K. J., 2007. Spatial variation in recruitment of native and invasive sessile species
onto oyster reefs in a temperate soft-bottom lagoon. Estuarine,
Coastal and Shelf Science, 72, 89–101.
Thrush, S. F., Hewitt, J. E., Cummings, V. J., and Dayton, P. K.,
1995. The impact of habitat disturbance by scallop dredging on
marine benthic communities: what can be predicted from the
results of experiments? Marine Ecology Progress Series, 129,
141–150.
Tolley, S. G., and Volety, A. K., 2005. The role of oysters in habitat
use of oyster reefs by resident fishes and decapod crustaceans.
Journal of Shellfish Research, 24, 1007–1012.
Tolley, S. G., Volety, A. K., and Savarese, M., 2005. Influence
of salinity on the habitat use of oyster reefs in three
Southwest Florida estuaries. Journal of Shellfish Research, 24,
127–138.
Trimble, A. C., Ruesink, J. L., Dumbauld, B. R., et al., 2009. Factors
preventing the recovery of a historically overexploited shellfish
species, Ostrea lurida Carpenter 1864. Journal of Shellfish
Research, 28, 97–106.
Valentine, J. F., and Heck, K. L., Jr., 1993. Mussels in seagrass
meadows: their influence on macroinvertebrate abundance and
secondary production in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Marine
Ecology Progress Series, 96, 63–74.
Volety, A. K., Savarese, M., Tolley, S. G., Arnold, W. S., Sime, P.,
Goodman, P., Chamberlain, R. H., and Doering, P. H., 2009.
Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) as an indicator for
restoration of Everglades ecosystems. Ecological Indicators, 9
(6) supplement 1, S120–S136.
Volety, A., 2013. Southwest Florida shelf coastal marine ecosystem –
Habitat: oyster reefs. In: Nuttle, W.K., and Fletcher, P.J., (eds.),
Integrated Conceptual Ecosystem Model Development for the
Southwest Florida Shelf Coastal Marine Ecosystem. Miami, FL:
NOAA Technical Memorandum, OAR-AOML-102 and NOSNCCOS-162. pp. 67–79, 109 pp. http://sofla-mares.org/docs/
MARES_SWFS_ICEM_20130913_Appendix_OysterReefs.pdf
Waldbusser, G. G., Powell, E. N., and Mann, R., 2013. Ecosystem
effects of shell aggregations and cycling in coastal waters: an
example of Chesapeake Bay oyster reefs. Ecology, 94, 895–903.
Waldbusser, G. G., and Salisbury, J. E., 2014. Ocean acidification in
the coastal zone from an organism's perspective: multiple system parameters, frequency domains, and habitats. Annual
Review of Marine Science, 6, 221–247.
Wall, L. M., Walters, L. J., Grizzle, R. E., and Sacks, P. E., 2005.
Recreational boating activity and its impact on the recruitment
and survival of the oyster Crassostrea virginica on intertidal
reefs in Mosquito Lagoon, Florida. Journal of Shellfish
Research, 24, 965–973.
Wall, C. C., Peterson, B. J., and Gobler, C. J., 2008. The facilitation
of seagrass Zostera marina productivity by suspension feeding
bivalves. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 357, 165–174.
Wall, C. C., Peterson, B. J., and Gobler, C. J., 2011. The growth of
estuarine resources (Zostera marina, Mercenaria mercenaria,
Crassostrea virginica, Argopecten irradians, Cyprinodon
variegatus) in response to nutrient loading and enhanced suspension feeding by adult shellfish. Estuaries and Coasts, 34,
1262–1277.
Walters, K., and Coen, L. D., 2006. A comparison of statistical
approaches to analyzing community convergence between natural and constructed oyster reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology and Ecology, 330, 81–95.
Weinstein, M. P., Balletto, J. H., Teal, J. M., and Ludwig, D. F.,
1997. Success criteria and adaptive management for a large-scale
wetland restoration project. Wetlands Ecology and Management,
4, 111–127.
Wells, H. W., 1961. The fauna of oyster beds, with special reference
to the salinity factor. Ecological Monographs, 31, 266–329.
Wenner, E., Beatty, H. R., and Coen, L., 1996. A quantitative system
for sampling nekton on intertidal oyster reefs. Journal of Shellfish Research, 15, 769–775.
Wilber, D. H., 1992. Associations between freshwater inflows and
oyster productivity in Apalachicola Bay, Florida. Estuarine,
Coastal and Shelf Science, 35, 179–190.
Wildish, D., and Kristmanson, D., 1997. Benthic Suspension
Feeders and Flow. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
Press. 409 pp.
Wilker, J. J., 2011. Biomaterials: redox and adhesion on the rocks.
Nature Chemical Biology, 7, 579–580.
Williams, S. W., and Heck, K. L., Jr., 2001. Seagrass communities.
In Bertness, M., Gaines, S., and Hay, M. (eds.), Marine Community Ecology. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Press, pp. 317–337.
Wolff, W. J., and Reise, K., 2002. Oyster imports as a vector for the
introduction of alien species into northern and western European
coastal waters. In Leppäkoski, E., Gollasch, S., and Olenin,
S., (eds.), Invasive Aquatic Species in Europe. Dordrecht:
Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 193–205.
Woods, H., Hargis, W. J., Hershner, C. H., and Mason, P., 2005. Disappearance of the natural emergent 3-dimensional oyster reef
system of the James River, Virginia, 1871–1948. Journal of
Shellfish Research, 24, 139–142.
Wrange, A.-L. J. V., Harkestad, L. S., Strand, Ø., Lindegarth, S.,
Christensen, H. T., Dolmer, P., Kristensen, P. S., and Mortensen,
S., 2010. Massive settlements of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea
gigas, in Scandinavia. Biological Invasions, 12, 1145–1152.
108
BIVALVE MOLLUSCS