Cell Wall Polysaccharides of Marine Algae 22.2 Structural Diversity of Algal Polysaccharides 553
Part D | 22.2
Table 22.7 Basic structures of fucose containing heteroglycans from brown algae
Order
Source
Backbone
Side chains
Position
Reference
Laminariales Kjellmaniella
crassifolia
! 4/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1!2)-˛-DManp(6S)-(1!
˛-L-Fucp(2S,3S,4S)
O-3 of ˛-DManp
[22.129]
Saccharina
(Laminaria)
japonica
! 4/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1!2)-˛-DManp-(1!
˛-L-Fucp(2S,4S) fucooligosaccharides
[22.130]
! 3/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1!
˛-L-Fucp(2S,4S) fucooligosaccharides
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S,4S)-(1!
(major)
˛-L-Fucp4S
O-2 (major)
[22.131]
! 4/-˛-L-Fucp(2S)-(1! (minor)
ˇ-D-Galp3,4diS-(1!6)-ˇ-DGalp4S
O-4
Saccharina
latissima
! 6/-ˇ-D-Galp-(1!
˛-L-Fucp, ˇ-D-Galp
O-2
[22.128]
! 4/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1!2)-˛-DManp-(1!
˛-L-Fucp
O-3 of ˛-DManp
! 3/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1!
˛-L-Fucp
O-3
Saccharina
longicruris
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp4S-(1!; !6)ˇ-D-Galp3S-(1!
[22.132]
Undaria
pinnatifida
(sporophyll)
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1!; !3)ˇ-D-Galp6S-(1!
! 4/-ˇ-D-Galp(3S,6S)-(1!;
!6)-ˇ-D-Galp3S-(1!
[22.133–
137]
Costaria
costata
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S,4S)-(1 !
3)-ˇ-D-Galp(2S,6S)-(1!
[22.122,
138]
! 3/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1!2)-˛-DManp-(1! (core)
Galacto- and fucooligosaccharides
O-4 of ˇ-DGlcpA
Ectocarpales Cladosiphon
okamuranus
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(4S)-(1!
˛-D-GlcpA
O-2
[22.129,
139]
Chordaria
flagelliformis
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S,4S)-(1!
˛-D-GlcpA
O-2
[22.140]
˛-L-Fucp, ˛-L-Fucf -(1!2)-˛L-Fucf
O-4
Adenocystis
utricularis
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp4S-(1!; !3)ˇ-D-Galp4S-(1!
! 6/-ˇ-D-Galp4S-(1!
˛-L-Fucf , ˛-L-Fucp(2S)
O-2
[22.141]
Dictyotales
Spatoglossum
schroederi
! 4/-ˇ-D-Galp3S-(1 ! 4)-ˇD-Galp-(1! (core)
Xylofuco-oligosaccharides
O-2 of ˇ-DGalp
[22.142]
! 3/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1! (core)
O-4
[22.143]
Padina gymnospora
! 3/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1!; !4)-ˇD-GlcpA-(1!
˛-L-Fucp3S, ˇ-D-Xylp
O-2
[22.144]
ble and other sugars including sulfated or nonsulfated
˛-L-Fucp can be attached to it as stubs or longer
side chains. The complete highly branched molecule
is thus structurally similar to rhamnogalacturonans of
higher plants and may perform similar functions in algal cell walls. For example, highly branched fucoidan
(92:7 kDa) isolated from Hizikia fusiforme contains
a fucose-free core composed of the alternating sequence ! 2)-˛-D-Manp6S-(1 ! 4)-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1 !
with a little amount of ! 4)-ˇ-D-Galp-(1 ! [22.146].
The ˛-D-Manp6S units are sulfated or glycosylated
(branching points) at the O-6 position. Side chains are
formed by ˛-D-Xylp, sulfated ˛-L-Fucp, fuco and xylooligosaccharides, and longer ! 6)-ˇ-D-Galp3S-(1!
Part D | 22.2
Table 22.7 Basic structures of fucose containing heteroglycans from brown algae
Order
Source
Backbone
Side chains
Position
Reference
Laminariales Kjellmaniella
crassifolia
! 4/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1!2)-˛-DManp(6S)-(1!
˛-L-Fucp(2S,3S,4S)
O-3 of ˛-DManp
[22.129]
Saccharina
(Laminaria)
japonica
! 4/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1!2)-˛-DManp-(1!
˛-L-Fucp(2S,4S) fucooligosaccharides
[22.130]
! 3/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1!
˛-L-Fucp(2S,4S) fucooligosaccharides
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S,4S)-(1!
(major)
˛-L-Fucp4S
O-2 (major)
[22.131]
! 4/-˛-L-Fucp(2S)-(1! (minor)
ˇ-D-Galp3,4diS-(1!6)-ˇ-DGalp4S
O-4
Saccharina
latissima
! 6/-ˇ-D-Galp-(1!
˛-L-Fucp, ˇ-D-Galp
O-2
[22.128]
! 4/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1!2)-˛-DManp-(1!
˛-L-Fucp
O-3 of ˛-DManp
! 3/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1!
˛-L-Fucp
O-3
Saccharina
longicruris
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp4S-(1!; !6)ˇ-D-Galp3S-(1!
[22.132]
Undaria
pinnatifida
(sporophyll)
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1!; !3)ˇ-D-Galp6S-(1!
! 4/-ˇ-D-Galp(3S,6S)-(1!;
!6)-ˇ-D-Galp3S-(1!
[22.133–
137]
Costaria
costata
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S,4S)-(1 !
3)-ˇ-D-Galp(2S,6S)-(1!
[22.122,
138]
! 3/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1!2)-˛-DManp-(1! (core)
Galacto- and fucooligosaccharides
O-4 of ˇ-DGlcpA
Ectocarpales Cladosiphon
okamuranus
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(4S)-(1!
˛-D-GlcpA
O-2
[22.129,
139]
Chordaria
flagelliformis
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S,4S)-(1!
˛-D-GlcpA
O-2
[22.140]
˛-L-Fucp, ˛-L-Fucf -(1!2)-˛L-Fucf
O-4
Adenocystis
utricularis
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp4S-(1!; !3)ˇ-D-Galp4S-(1!
! 6/-ˇ-D-Galp4S-(1!
˛-L-Fucf , ˛-L-Fucp(2S)
O-2
[22.141]
Dictyotales
Spatoglossum
schroederi
! 4/-ˇ-D-Galp3S-(1 ! 4)-ˇD-Galp-(1! (core)
Xylofuco-oligosaccharides
O-2 of ˇ-DGalp
[22.142]
! 3/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1! (core)
O-4
[22.143]
Padina gymnospora
! 3/-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1!; !4)-ˇD-GlcpA-(1!
˛-L-Fucp3S, ˇ-D-Xylp
O-2
[22.144]
ble and other sugars including sulfated or nonsulfated
˛-L-Fucp can be attached to it as stubs or longer
side chains. The complete highly branched molecule
is thus structurally similar to rhamnogalacturonans of
higher plants and may perform similar functions in algal cell walls. For example, highly branched fucoidan
(92:7 kDa) isolated from Hizikia fusiforme contains
a fucose-free core composed of the alternating sequence ! 2)-˛-D-Manp6S-(1 ! 4)-ˇ-D-GlcpA-(1 !
with a little amount of ! 4)-ˇ-D-Galp-(1 ! [22.146].
The ˛-D-Manp6S units are sulfated or glycosylated
(branching points) at the O-6 position. Side chains are
formed by ˛-D-Xylp, sulfated ˛-L-Fucp, fuco and xylooligosaccharides, and longer ! 6)-ˇ-D-Galp3S-(1!