Part D | 22.2
552 Part D Marine Algal Biotechnology
Table 22.6 Basic structures of sulfated fucans (fucoidans) from brown algae
Order
Source
Backbone
Side
chains
Position
Reference
Dictyotales
Stoechospermum
marginatum
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S,4S)-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp(2S)-(1!
[22.113]
Ectocarpales Analipus
japonicus
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S,4Ac,S)-(1!
˛-L-Fucp
O-4;O-2
[22.114]
Fucales
Ascophyllum
nodosum
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S(4S)-(1! ; !4)-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1!
˛-L-Fucp
O-2
[22.115]
FOS
a
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp2,3diS-(1!
[22.116, 117]
Fucus
vesiculosus
Fucus
distichus
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2,4diS-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1!
[22.118]
Fucus
evanescens
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S(4S)-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1!
[22.119]
Fucus
serratus
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S4Ac-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp2S3Ac-(1!
FOS a
O-4
[22.120]
Sargassum
horneri
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S(4S)-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp(2S)3S-(1!
˛-LFucp3S
O-2
[22.121]
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1!; !4)-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1!
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp-(1! (three fractions)
[22.122]
Laminariales Ecklonia
cava
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1!
Ecklonia
kurome
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp4S-(1 ! 3)-˛-L-Fucp-(1! (major) !?)˛-L-Fucp-(1!2)-Gal-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp-(1! (minor)
˛-L-Fuc
O-4
[22.123]
˛-LFuc4S
O-2
Laminaria
cichorioides
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S(4S)-(1!
[22.124]
! 4/-˛-L-Fucp2,3diS-(1!
[22.125]
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S,4S)-(1!; !4)-˛-L-Fucp(4S)-(1!
˛-L-Fuc
O-2;O-4
[22.126]
Chorda
filum
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S,Ac)4S-(1!
˛-L-Fucp
O-2
[22.127]
Saccharina
latissima
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S)4S-(1!
˛-L-Fucp
O-2
[22.128]
a FOS – fucooligosaccharides
branched polysaccharide with mainly (1 ! 3) and a few
˛-(1 ! 4)-linked sulfated ˛-L-Fuc in the core region; branch points are at O-2 position of the (1 !
3)-linked backbone units [22.115]. Three fucoidans
from Sargassum hornery have a different backbone
structure: (1 ! 3), (1 ! 4), and mixed (1 ! 3),(1 !
4)-linked ˛-L-fucans; the latter polysaccharide was
nonsulfated [22.122].
Some fucoidans were identified as not true fucans but rather complex heteropolysaccharides containing fucose as the major or minor component of the
backbone (core), stubs, or longer side chains [22.152–
154]. The structural features of these polysaccharides
are summarized in Table 22.7. The core of such fucoidans is commonly built of alternating hexuronic
acids–hexose sequences. This backbone is very sta-
552 Part D Marine Algal Biotechnology
Table 22.6 Basic structures of sulfated fucans (fucoidans) from brown algae
Order
Source
Backbone
Side
chains
Position
Reference
Dictyotales
Stoechospermum
marginatum
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S,4S)-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp(2S)-(1!
[22.113]
Ectocarpales Analipus
japonicus
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S,4Ac,S)-(1!
˛-L-Fucp
O-4;O-2
[22.114]
Fucales
Ascophyllum
nodosum
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S(4S)-(1! ; !4)-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1!
˛-L-Fucp
O-2
[22.115]
FOS
a
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp2,3diS-(1!
[22.116, 117]
Fucus
vesiculosus
Fucus
distichus
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2,4diS-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1!
[22.118]
Fucus
evanescens
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S(4S)-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1!
[22.119]
Fucus
serratus
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S4Ac-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp2S3Ac-(1!
FOS a
O-4
[22.120]
Sargassum
horneri
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S(4S)-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp(2S)3S-(1!
˛-LFucp3S
O-2
[22.121]
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1!; !4)-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1!
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp-(1! (three fractions)
[22.122]
Laminariales Ecklonia
cava
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp2S-(1!
Ecklonia
kurome
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp4S-(1 ! 3)-˛-L-Fucp-(1! (major) !?)˛-L-Fucp-(1!2)-Gal-(1 ! 4)-˛-L-Fucp-(1! (minor)
˛-L-Fuc
O-4
[22.123]
˛-LFuc4S
O-2
Laminaria
cichorioides
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp2S(4S)-(1!
[22.124]
! 4/-˛-L-Fucp2,3diS-(1!
[22.125]
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S,4S)-(1!; !4)-˛-L-Fucp(4S)-(1!
˛-L-Fuc
O-2;O-4
[22.126]
Chorda
filum
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S,Ac)4S-(1!
˛-L-Fucp
O-2
[22.127]
Saccharina
latissima
! 3/-˛-L-Fucp(2S)4S-(1!
˛-L-Fucp
O-2
[22.128]
a FOS – fucooligosaccharides
branched polysaccharide with mainly (1 ! 3) and a few
˛-(1 ! 4)-linked sulfated ˛-L-Fuc in the core region; branch points are at O-2 position of the (1 !
3)-linked backbone units [22.115]. Three fucoidans
from Sargassum hornery have a different backbone
structure: (1 ! 3), (1 ! 4), and mixed (1 ! 3),(1 !
4)-linked ˛-L-fucans; the latter polysaccharide was
nonsulfated [22.122].
Some fucoidans were identified as not true fucans but rather complex heteropolysaccharides containing fucose as the major or minor component of the
backbone (core), stubs, or longer side chains [22.152–
154]. The structural features of these polysaccharides
are summarized in Table 22.7. The core of such fucoidans is commonly built of alternating hexuronic
acids–hexose sequences. This backbone is very sta-