Cell Wall Polysaccharides of Marine Algae 22.2 Structural Diversity of Algal Polysaccharides 551
Part D | 22.2
Table 22.5 Side chain positions in corallinans and other agar-like branched sulfated xylogalactans
Source
Side chain
Position
References
Bossiella cretacea
ˇ-D-Xylp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp(2S) a
[22.82, 92]
Gymnogongrus torulosus
ˇ-D-Xylp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp(2S)
[22.93]
Pachymenia lusoria
ˇ-D-Xylp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp(2S)
[22.94]
Calliarthron cheilosporioides ˇ-D-Xylp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp(2S)
[22.91]
Polysiphonia nigrescens
ˇ-D-Xylp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp(2S)
[22.95]
Joculator maximus
ˇ-D-Xylp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp(2S)
[22.96]
Corallina pilulifera
ˇ-D-Xylp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp(2S)
[22.97, 98]
Cryptonemia crenulata
ˇ-D-Xylp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp(2S)
[22.75]
Bostrychia montagnei
ˇ-D-Xylp,ˇ-D-Galp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp(2S)
[22.99]
Kappaphycus alvarezii
ˇ-D-Xylp,ˇ-D-Galp
O-2 and/or O-4 of ˇ-D-Galp O-3 and/or
di-O-2,3 of ˛-D(L)-Galp
[22.100]
Lithothamnion heterocladum
ˇ-D-Xylp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp
[22.89]
2,3-di-O-Me-D-Galp b
O-3 and O-6 of ˛-L-Galp
Jania rubens
ˇ-D-Xylp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp
[22.101]
2,3-di-O-Me-D-Galp
3-O-Me-D-Galp
3-O-Me-L-Galp
O-3 and/or O-6 of ˛-L-Galp
Corallina officinalis
ˇ-D-Xylp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp
[22.90, 102]
4-O-Me-D-Galp
O-6 of ˛-L-Galp
Gracilaria tikvahiae
4-O-Me-L-Galp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp
[22.103]
Gracilaria verrucosa
4-O-Me-L-Galp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp
[22.104]
Acanthophora spicifera
ˇ-D-Xylp
O-3 of ˛-L-Galp2,6diS
[22.105]
Palisada flagellifera
ˇ-D-Xylp, ˇ-D-Galp,
2,3-di-O-Me-D-Galp
O-3 of ˛-L-Galp6S
[22.106]
Phacelocarpus peperocarpos ˇ-D-Xylp
O-3 of ˛-L-Galp6S
[22.107]
Laurencia nipponica
ˇ-D-Xylp
O-3 of ˛-L-Galp6S
[22.108]
Nothogenia fastigiata
ˇ-D-Xylp,ˇ-D-Galp
O-3 of ˛-L-Galp6S
[22.109]
Chondria macrocarpa
ˇ-D-Xylp
O-3 of ˛-L-Galp6S
[22.110]
Ceramium rubrum
ˇ-D-Xylp
Not defined
[22.110]
Okamurina (Laingia) pacifica ˇ-D-Xylp
O-2 of ˛-L-3,6aGalp
[22.111]
Pterocladiella capillacea
ˇ-D-Xylp
O-6 of ˇ-D-Galp
O-3 of ˛-L(D)-Galp
[22.112]
a Sulfation of hydroxyls (S); b methylation of hydroxyls (Me)
found in fucoidans [22.152–154] (Fig. 22.2d,e, Table 22.6). The first type of fucoidan backbone structure
consisting of (1 ! 3)-linked partially or completely
sulfated ˛-L-Fucp units revealed fucoidans from orders Ectocarpales and Laminares: Adenocystis utricularis [22.141], Analipus japonicus [22.114], Chordaria flagelliformis [22.140], Chorda filum [22.127],
Ecklonia kurome [22.123], and Saccharina latissima [22.128]. The second type is characterized by
alternating the (1 ! 3) and the (1 ! 4)-linked ˛-LFucp sequence. This backbone structure is common
for fucoidans from Stoechospermum marginatum (order Dictyotales) [22.116] and from algae of the order
Fucales, i. e., Ascophyllum nodosum [22.117], genera
Fucus [22.118–120] and Sargassum [22.121]. Single ˛-L-Fuc stubs or short fuco-oligosaccharide sequences are present in many fucoidans as side chains
attached mainly at O-2 of the backbone units. Structurally different fucoidans are commonly produced by
the same algal species. For example, fucoidan isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum has a linear structure of alternating (1 ! 3) and (1 ! 4)-linked sulfated ˛-L-Fucp [22.116]. By contrast, another fucoidan isolated from this alga is defined as a highly-