XX Contents
12.5 Immobilized-Cell Bioreactors ..........................................
353
12.6 Hollow Fiber Bioreactors (HFBR)........................................
359
12.7 Fluidized Bed and Moving Bed Bioreactors (FBBR and MBBR) .......
363
12.8 High-Temperature and/or High-Pressure Bioreactors (HP-/HTBR) ...
368
References .......................................................................
382
13 Transgenic Technology in Marine Organisms
Thomas T. Chen, Chun-Mean Lin, Maria J. Chen, Jay H. Lo, Pinwen P. Chiou,
Hong-Yi Gong, Jen-Leih Wu, Mark H.-C. Chen, Charles Yarish ..............
387
13.1 Synopsis ..................................................................
387
13.2 Production of Transgenic Marine Organisms ..........................
388
13.3 Characterization of Transgenic Marine Organisms ....................
396
13.4 Biotechnological Application of Transgenic Marine Organisms ......
398
13.5 Concerns and Future Perspectives......................................
405
References .......................................................................
406
14 Marine Enzymes – Production and Applications
Kai Muffler, Barindra Sana, Joydeep Mukherjee, Roland Ulber ..............
413
14.1 Overview .................................................................
413
14.2 Cultivation Techniques of Marine Bacteria ............................
414
14.3 Examples of Marine Enzymes...........................................
417
14.4 Molecular Biology .......................................................
422
14.5 Downstream Processing of Marine Enzymes ..........................
422
14.6 Conclusion ...............................................................
424
References .......................................................................
425
15 Biofouling Control by Quorum Quenching
Vipin C. Kalia, Prasun Kumar, Shunmughiah K. T. Pandian,
Prince Sharma ...................................................................
431
15.1 Overview .................................................................
431
15.2 Bacterial Biosensors .....................................................
432
15.3 Quorum Quenching (QQ) ................................................
432
15.4 Applications..............................................................
436
References .......................................................................
438
16 Detection of Invasive Species
Nathan J. Bott ...................................................................
441
16.1 Background ..............................................................
441
16.2 Traditional Techniques ..................................................
442
16.3 Sample Collection .......................................................
442
16.4 Molecular Approach to the Identification
of Marine Invasive Species..............................................
443
16.5 PCR-Based Methods Utilized for Routine Identification
and/or Surveillance .....................................................
445
16.6 Ecogenomic Techniques.................................................
447
16.7 Future Approaches ......................................................
448
16.8 Concluding Remarks ....................................................
449
References .......................................................................
450