Part A | 6.3
118 Part A Marine Flora and Fauna
Distribution. NE Atlantic (W Ireland and SW Britain
to Mauretania); Mediterranean.
Uses and Compounds. Extracts have antimicrobial
activity [6.18, 130, 703].
Lobophora variegata (J.V. Lamouroux)
Womersley ex E.C. Oliveira
Description. These algae occur in orange brown to
dark brown in colour and bear a leathery feel. The
blades may appear as fan shaped, flabellate or as crusts.
They are often tightly adhered to the substrate [6.704].
Habitat. Grow in most reef environments, encrusting great areas of shaded, rocky substrates. Especially
abundant on undercut wall faces along deep drop-offs.
Distribution. Warm E Atlantic (Madeira, Canary Islands, W Africa); Caribbean (Trinidad); Hawaii; Indian
Ocean, Australia.
Uses and Compounds. Lobophorolide was isolated
from the common brown alga L. variegata and displayed a potent and highly specific activity against
the marine filamentous fungi Dendroyphiella salina and
Lindra thalassiae and a potent activity against C. albicans and antineoplastic [6.705]. Extracts have also antiprotozoal [6.706, 707], antimicrobial [6.65, 260, 707],
anti-inflammatory [6.708], hypoglycemic [6.81], antifungal [6.61, 62], antifouling [6.260], anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticoagulant [6.65, 709, 710]
activity.
Padina gymnospora (Kützing) Sonder
Description. Usually the blades are 1012 cm long
and broad, but plants with 15 cm long and to 20 cm
broad blades may be found; the frond has three layers
of cells except near the enrolled edge where two cell
layers occur; the hair lines alternate on both sides of
the blade and the dark lines of sporangia are found just
above every second hair-line; plants tufted, 510 cm
tall, the blades 520 cm broad rounded or split into
narrower portions, the lower parts stalk like and stupose, usually rather moderately calcified on the upper
surface [6.711, 712].
Habitat. On rocks and other firm substrata (mangrove-roots), in calm or only moderately wave-exposed
locations in the intertidal, found in up to 14 m
depth.
Distribution. Warm E and SE Atlantic (Canary Islands to Angola); SW Atlantic (Brazil); Caribbean; W
Pacific and Indo-Pacific (Philippines, Vietnam); Pacific
Islands; Indian Ocean; Australia.
Uses and Compounds. Extracts have anti-inflammatory [6.713], antibacterial [6.114, 493, 714, 715],
antifungal [6.715], anticoagulant [6.716], antioxidant [6.717], neuroprotective [6.718], antiviral [6.172,
719] activity.
Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy
Common Name. Peacock’s tail
Description. The fronds are thin and leafy, flattish and
entire when young, but often concave, or almost funnel
shaped in mature specimens, with a lactiniate or irregularly lobed margin (Fig. 6.43). The inner (or upper)
surface is covered in a thin coating of slime, and the
outer (or lower) surface is banded with zones of light
brown, dark brown, and olive green. Small, fine hairs
form concentric lines, 35 mm apart, from the outer
margin continuing down the outer (colored) surface of
the fronds [6.32].
Habitat. On rocks in sheltered locations near the surface, to 20 m depth.
Distribution. NE Atlantic (S Britain to Canary Islands, W Africa); Mediterranean; Caribbean; W Pacific
(Philippines), Pacific Islands; Indian Ocean.
Uses and Compounds. Cosmetic uses for skin antiaging [6.720]. High anticoagulant activity has been
reported for purified fucan sulphates from P. pavonica (xylofucomannoglucuronan) [6.721]. Extracts have
also allelopathic [6.722], antifungal [6.204, 286, 438,
722], antibacterial [6.72, 284, 421, 723, 724], anticoagulant [6.512], antitumor [6.126, 421], antiviral [6.72],
cytotoxic, and antimitotic [6.62, 72, 725] activity.
Taonia atomaria (Woodward) J. Agardh
Description. Thallus erect, flat ribbon-shaped, paperlike thin, irregularly branching into wedge-shaped segments and/or deeply dividing into narrower, almost
linear bands, the upper margin appearing frayed; without midrib; dark, slightly undulating zones of transverse
stripes on both sides (hairs and reproductive structures).
Stipe-like at the bottom anchored by a dense rhizoidal
felt [6.32].
118 Part A Marine Flora and Fauna
Distribution. NE Atlantic (W Ireland and SW Britain
to Mauretania); Mediterranean.
Uses and Compounds. Extracts have antimicrobial
activity [6.18, 130, 703].
Lobophora variegata (J.V. Lamouroux)
Womersley ex E.C. Oliveira
Description. These algae occur in orange brown to
dark brown in colour and bear a leathery feel. The
blades may appear as fan shaped, flabellate or as crusts.
They are often tightly adhered to the substrate [6.704].
Habitat. Grow in most reef environments, encrusting great areas of shaded, rocky substrates. Especially
abundant on undercut wall faces along deep drop-offs.
Distribution. Warm E Atlantic (Madeira, Canary Islands, W Africa); Caribbean (Trinidad); Hawaii; Indian
Ocean, Australia.
Uses and Compounds. Lobophorolide was isolated
from the common brown alga L. variegata and displayed a potent and highly specific activity against
the marine filamentous fungi Dendroyphiella salina and
Lindra thalassiae and a potent activity against C. albicans and antineoplastic [6.705]. Extracts have also antiprotozoal [6.706, 707], antimicrobial [6.65, 260, 707],
anti-inflammatory [6.708], hypoglycemic [6.81], antifungal [6.61, 62], antifouling [6.260], anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticoagulant [6.65, 709, 710]
activity.
Padina gymnospora (Kützing) Sonder
Description. Usually the blades are 1012 cm long
and broad, but plants with 15 cm long and to 20 cm
broad blades may be found; the frond has three layers
of cells except near the enrolled edge where two cell
layers occur; the hair lines alternate on both sides of
the blade and the dark lines of sporangia are found just
above every second hair-line; plants tufted, 510 cm
tall, the blades 520 cm broad rounded or split into
narrower portions, the lower parts stalk like and stupose, usually rather moderately calcified on the upper
surface [6.711, 712].
Habitat. On rocks and other firm substrata (mangrove-roots), in calm or only moderately wave-exposed
locations in the intertidal, found in up to 14 m
depth.
Distribution. Warm E and SE Atlantic (Canary Islands to Angola); SW Atlantic (Brazil); Caribbean; W
Pacific and Indo-Pacific (Philippines, Vietnam); Pacific
Islands; Indian Ocean; Australia.
Uses and Compounds. Extracts have anti-inflammatory [6.713], antibacterial [6.114, 493, 714, 715],
antifungal [6.715], anticoagulant [6.716], antioxidant [6.717], neuroprotective [6.718], antiviral [6.172,
719] activity.
Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy
Common Name. Peacock’s tail
Description. The fronds are thin and leafy, flattish and
entire when young, but often concave, or almost funnel
shaped in mature specimens, with a lactiniate or irregularly lobed margin (Fig. 6.43). The inner (or upper)
surface is covered in a thin coating of slime, and the
outer (or lower) surface is banded with zones of light
brown, dark brown, and olive green. Small, fine hairs
form concentric lines, 35 mm apart, from the outer
margin continuing down the outer (colored) surface of
the fronds [6.32].
Habitat. On rocks in sheltered locations near the surface, to 20 m depth.
Distribution. NE Atlantic (S Britain to Canary Islands, W Africa); Mediterranean; Caribbean; W Pacific
(Philippines), Pacific Islands; Indian Ocean.
Uses and Compounds. Cosmetic uses for skin antiaging [6.720]. High anticoagulant activity has been
reported for purified fucan sulphates from P. pavonica (xylofucomannoglucuronan) [6.721]. Extracts have
also allelopathic [6.722], antifungal [6.204, 286, 438,
722], antibacterial [6.72, 284, 421, 723, 724], anticoagulant [6.512], antitumor [6.126, 421], antiviral [6.72],
cytotoxic, and antimitotic [6.62, 72, 725] activity.
Taonia atomaria (Woodward) J. Agardh
Description. Thallus erect, flat ribbon-shaped, paperlike thin, irregularly branching into wedge-shaped segments and/or deeply dividing into narrower, almost
linear bands, the upper margin appearing frayed; without midrib; dark, slightly undulating zones of transverse
stripes on both sides (hairs and reproductive structures).
Stipe-like at the bottom anchored by a dense rhizoidal
felt [6.32].