676
between October 2014 and February 2015 (Fig. 20.26a,b), corroborating the hypothesis of saline intrusion leading to fish community changes.
20.4.4 Laguna Estuarine Complex
The main living resources exploited by the fishing activity in the area are teleost
fishes and crustaceans (Table 20.1). Artisanal fisheries are important to Santa
Catarina State, with 25 thousand fishers distributed among 186 fisheries colonies
accounting for 30% of the fishery production in the state (EPAGRI/CEPA 2010). In
the lagunar system, 6223 fishers are directly involved with artisanal fisheries, representing around 16% of all artisanal fishers registered in the state (EPAGRI/CEPA
2010). Usually, local fishers use artisanal boats to assist in their activities. Wooden
canoes with outboard (or central) power engine are the most used (Fig. 20.20a).
These artisanal fishing boats have a rustic design and are not used to navigate open
waters. The fishing boats adopted for fishing in the coastal marine zones are longer,
with more powerful engines and higher bow height when compared to the boats
used in the lagoons (Fig. 20.20d, e). The main boats adopted by this fleet are “baleeira” (Fig. 20.20d) and “botes” (Fig. 20.20b).
The artisanal fishing in the study region is developed in the coastal marine zone
and inside the lagoons and channels. According to Nédélec and Prado (1990) classification, it is possible to identify 11 main artisanal fishing methods in these two
regions. In the coastal marine zone, gillnet (Fig. 20.19a, b), driftnets, bottom longlines, purse and beach seines, cast nets (Fig. 20.19e, f) and fishing rods are the most
common gears. Inside the estuarine system the most important fishing techniques
are fyke nets (Fig. 20.19g, h), traps, gillnets, bottom longlines, trammel nets, fishing
rods and manual trawl nets (called “gerival”). In the south region (approaching the
estuarine mouth), recreational fisheries with rods and reels and artificial or natural
lures are also usual along the year.
Notably, crustaceans and finfishes are the two major groups caught by the artisanal fishing (Fig. 20.9a–d and Table 20.1). However, fishing gears normally catch
not only a specific target species, but also a large range of species. Crabs are also a
significant bycatch. Due to their commercial importance, there are also specific
methods for their capture. The two most important are longlines and traps (Medeiros
2004). In coastal marine fisheries, most of the crabs captured as bycatch are discarded at sea and a smaller portion brought to the family diet. On the other hand, for
fishers working inside the lagoons, crabs are one of the main sources of financial
income.
The main fishing technologies adopted in by this group are fyke nets designed
for shrimp catches and known in the region as “aviãozinho” (i.e. F. paulensis, F.
brasiliensis, L. schmitti, X. kroyeri and Artemesia longinaris) (Medeiros 2004)
(Fig. 20.19g, h). “Aviãozinho” is a set of funnel-like nets (five to seven in star-like
arrangement – 25 mm mesh size), forming an “Y” with three rings to maintain the
net open (Fig. 20.19g–h). Poles fix the net to the bottom at shallow areas. A lumiM. Barletta et al.
between October 2014 and February 2015 (Fig. 20.26a,b), corroborating the hypothesis of saline intrusion leading to fish community changes.
20.4.4 Laguna Estuarine Complex
The main living resources exploited by the fishing activity in the area are teleost
fishes and crustaceans (Table 20.1). Artisanal fisheries are important to Santa
Catarina State, with 25 thousand fishers distributed among 186 fisheries colonies
accounting for 30% of the fishery production in the state (EPAGRI/CEPA 2010). In
the lagunar system, 6223 fishers are directly involved with artisanal fisheries, representing around 16% of all artisanal fishers registered in the state (EPAGRI/CEPA
2010). Usually, local fishers use artisanal boats to assist in their activities. Wooden
canoes with outboard (or central) power engine are the most used (Fig. 20.20a).
These artisanal fishing boats have a rustic design and are not used to navigate open
waters. The fishing boats adopted for fishing in the coastal marine zones are longer,
with more powerful engines and higher bow height when compared to the boats
used in the lagoons (Fig. 20.20d, e). The main boats adopted by this fleet are “baleeira” (Fig. 20.20d) and “botes” (Fig. 20.20b).
The artisanal fishing in the study region is developed in the coastal marine zone
and inside the lagoons and channels. According to Nédélec and Prado (1990) classification, it is possible to identify 11 main artisanal fishing methods in these two
regions. In the coastal marine zone, gillnet (Fig. 20.19a, b), driftnets, bottom longlines, purse and beach seines, cast nets (Fig. 20.19e, f) and fishing rods are the most
common gears. Inside the estuarine system the most important fishing techniques
are fyke nets (Fig. 20.19g, h), traps, gillnets, bottom longlines, trammel nets, fishing
rods and manual trawl nets (called “gerival”). In the south region (approaching the
estuarine mouth), recreational fisheries with rods and reels and artificial or natural
lures are also usual along the year.
Notably, crustaceans and finfishes are the two major groups caught by the artisanal fishing (Fig. 20.9a–d and Table 20.1). However, fishing gears normally catch
not only a specific target species, but also a large range of species. Crabs are also a
significant bycatch. Due to their commercial importance, there are also specific
methods for their capture. The two most important are longlines and traps (Medeiros
2004). In coastal marine fisheries, most of the crabs captured as bycatch are discarded at sea and a smaller portion brought to the family diet. On the other hand, for
fishers working inside the lagoons, crabs are one of the main sources of financial
income.
The main fishing technologies adopted in by this group are fyke nets designed
for shrimp catches and known in the region as “aviãozinho” (i.e. F. paulensis, F.
brasiliensis, L. schmitti, X. kroyeri and Artemesia longinaris) (Medeiros 2004)
(Fig. 20.19g, h). “Aviãozinho” is a set of funnel-like nets (five to seven in star-like
arrangement – 25 mm mesh size), forming an “Y” with three rings to maintain the
net open (Fig. 20.19g–h). Poles fix the net to the bottom at shallow areas. A lumiM. Barletta et al.