155
to the environment and cause harmful effects to human and all living organisms.
This study can relate with the degradation of Mangsalut River, due to the construction of the major highway sited near to the Mangsalut River (Muller and Blij 2010;
Oberrecht 2010; Plathong and Plathong 2010).
4.9 Fifty Years into the Future
Urbanization is one of the strongest influences that could affect the environment.
Infrastructures, educational institutions areas to support human activities, this could
have an indirect impact to the environment that could cause a flash flood because of
the high built up of sediments that colonizing along the urban rivers (Stewart 1986a,
b). Human development might exacerbate river pollution and also coastal pollution
as well. The local people treat the urban river and label them as a sewer system. If
this continues, the unwanted sediments such as rubbish could be carried to the
Mangsalut River and could affect the area itself and the size of Mangsalut River will
become smaller and eventually will not be a river catchment in the near future (Stewart
1986a, b; US EPA 2008). A strict environmental regulation is proved to have gained
great significance. According to study done by Meyer (1988) regarding the Hazardous
Waste Management, that the avoidance of waste is the “first commandment” in a
modern management system. With this strict environmental regulation could limit
the impact of the Mangsalut River that was known to produce fortune. However the
relationship between development and human will always align as we move towards
the future (Wolanski et al. 2009; Woodroffe and Davies 2009). Mead points out:
As a people we have developed a life-style that is draining the earth of its priceless and
irreplaceable resources without regard for the future of our children and people all around
the world. (Mead 1988, p 149)
Mead saying that the human extracted the resources from the earth only for the
“now” without prioritizing the resource for the future needs.
4.10 Discussion and Conclusion
In concluding, discussion it can be stated that if human are capable to adapt to
changes in lifestyle through time, they also need to realize that over extracting of
earth resources can have a huge effect on the environment and to themselves.
Therefore, it is the time to consider and keep the neutrality of the natural river
system, water flows and coastal and estuaries landuse system in the case area in
Brunei Darussalam.
On this basis of the lanuse analysis conservation and management perspective
the following recommendations can be included;
(i) Sustainable land use is that which meets the needs of the present while, at the
same time, conserving resources for future generations. This requires a combination of production and conservation.
4 Impacts of Coastal Land Use Changes on Mangrove Wetlands at Sungai Mangsalut…
to the environment and cause harmful effects to human and all living organisms.
This study can relate with the degradation of Mangsalut River, due to the construction of the major highway sited near to the Mangsalut River (Muller and Blij 2010;
Oberrecht 2010; Plathong and Plathong 2010).
4.9 Fifty Years into the Future
Urbanization is one of the strongest influences that could affect the environment.
Infrastructures, educational institutions areas to support human activities, this could
have an indirect impact to the environment that could cause a flash flood because of
the high built up of sediments that colonizing along the urban rivers (Stewart 1986a,
b). Human development might exacerbate river pollution and also coastal pollution
as well. The local people treat the urban river and label them as a sewer system. If
this continues, the unwanted sediments such as rubbish could be carried to the
Mangsalut River and could affect the area itself and the size of Mangsalut River will
become smaller and eventually will not be a river catchment in the near future (Stewart
1986a, b; US EPA 2008). A strict environmental regulation is proved to have gained
great significance. According to study done by Meyer (1988) regarding the Hazardous
Waste Management, that the avoidance of waste is the “first commandment” in a
modern management system. With this strict environmental regulation could limit
the impact of the Mangsalut River that was known to produce fortune. However the
relationship between development and human will always align as we move towards
the future (Wolanski et al. 2009; Woodroffe and Davies 2009). Mead points out:
As a people we have developed a life-style that is draining the earth of its priceless and
irreplaceable resources without regard for the future of our children and people all around
the world. (Mead 1988, p 149)
Mead saying that the human extracted the resources from the earth only for the
“now” without prioritizing the resource for the future needs.
4.10 Discussion and Conclusion
In concluding, discussion it can be stated that if human are capable to adapt to
changes in lifestyle through time, they also need to realize that over extracting of
earth resources can have a huge effect on the environment and to themselves.
Therefore, it is the time to consider and keep the neutrality of the natural river
system, water flows and coastal and estuaries landuse system in the case area in
Brunei Darussalam.
On this basis of the lanuse analysis conservation and management perspective
the following recommendations can be included;
(i) Sustainable land use is that which meets the needs of the present while, at the
same time, conserving resources for future generations. This requires a combination of production and conservation.
4 Impacts of Coastal Land Use Changes on Mangrove Wetlands at Sungai Mangsalut…