143
In 2012 the river from the inland over powered the tidal waves from the sea as the
river cuts through and enlarge the width size of the river. This is probably due to the
heavy rainfall inland as Brunei is the country experiencing tropical climate. These
cause the high density/velocity of river flow capable to carry deposition of smaller
material. Furthermore, in 2013, the sand stretches back towards the sea stabilizing
the coastal area similar to the coastal formation in 2009.
To solidify the statement regarding the high intensity of changes of the coastal
landform, the graph in Fig. 4.8 will explained more in depth of the months where
Brunei experienced high precipitation in the Brunei Weather Graph retrieved from
the Japan Meteorological Agency record.
Fig. 4.7 Coastal dynamic that changes through the years (Photo taken from Google Earth)
37
34
31
28
25
22
Temperature (degC)
19
3 4 5
6 7
8 9 10 11 12 1
×
×
×
×
2
3 4 5
6
7 8
9 10 11 12 1
2
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Precipitation (mm)
2012
2013
2014
×
Mean Temp.
Max.Temp.(Monthly Mean)
Min.Temp.(Monthly Mean)
Mean Temp. Normal
Precip.
Precip.Normal
No data (for Precip.)
Fig. 4.8 Brunei weather graph, which was taken from the Japan Meteorological Agency
4 Impacts of Coastal Land Use Changes on Mangrove Wetlands at Sungai Mangsalut…