Index
Goal hierarchy, 174-175
Goals, for project-level planning, 174-175
Gradient analysis, 348
Gradient directed transect (gradsect) sampling, 88,
97-98
Gradient models, 261-262
Gradual changes, in ecosystem dynamics, 338
Grain
and design objectives, 93
and disturbance, 340-341
impact on analysis, 48
Great Lakes Ecological Assessment, 447-459
Green's index, 193
Groundwater
classification, 359-360
systems, 353, 356
Group negotiation management, 170-171
Guild-based approach, 394
Habitat
formation and distribution, 378-379
template concept, 368-369
unit types, 358, 359
Hack's law, 201
Hedonic pricing, 238-239
Help-hypertext data management, 171
Heterogeneity, 188
Heuristic algorithm, 298
Hierarchy theory
and aquatic systems, 353, 361
as a basic principle in ecological assessment, 2-3
continuous versus discontinuous change and, 31-32
grain and extent and, 30-31
nestedness of systems and, 29-30
tenets of, 19
Historical approach, to assessing disturbance patterns,
344-345
Historic range of variability (HRV), 297
characterization of biophysical environments,
284-285
charcoal analysis in sediments, 279-280
dendroecological methods, 274-276
land survey records, 280-281
maps from historical data, 283
methods for aquatic ecosystems, 285
overview, 273
plant macrofossil assemblages, 277-279
pollen content analysis, 276-277
repeat photography, 282-283
simulation modeling, 283-284
Homogeneity, 188
Horvitz-Thompson estimator, 87-88
Human impact
characterizing, 404-415
and human ecology, 417
society-environment interactions, 416-435
HYBRID, 260, 264
Hydrograph, 370
Hydrology
climate and, 369-370
hydrological cycle and, 371-374
hydrologic processes and aquatic assessment,
369-375
hydrologic units, 353-354, 355
hydrologic variability in rivers, 394, 468
Hyetograph, 370
Hypertext documentation, 126
Hypothesis of stationarity, 192
Hypothesis testing and p values, 83-84
IBIS, 176
ICRB,96
IMPLAN (Impact Analysis for Planning), 311,
312-313
531
Implementation, of ecosystem management, 513-526
Implementation monitoring, 4
Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), 393
Indirect methods, for nonmarket valuation, 238-239
Industry
effect on ecosystem, 409, 421
industrial location theory, 423
Information fractal dimension, 203
Information management
data acquisition, 71-78
general data collection and sampling design
considerations for IREAs, 92-107
integration of physical, biological, and socionomic
information, 119-132
sampling design and statistical inference, 79-91
INFORMS, 176
Input-output modeling
description of, 308-310
distribution of output, income, and employment, 312
ecological, demographic, and social variables in, 314
forecasting and, 315-316
IMPLAN,312-313
limitations of multipliers, 312
major assumptions of, 307-308
multiplier process and, 310-312
problems with, 316-317
and regional economic impact analysis, 248-249,
250
REMI,313
RIMS, 313-314
transforming to linear programming, 314-315
Instance, of a class, 115
Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), 97
Integrated Regional Ecological Assessment (IREA).
See also Representative assessment (RA)
characteristics of, 92
general data collection and sampling design for,
93-107
Integration
across domains and disciplines, 122-123
across space and time, 123-124
challenges of, 120-121
conceptual tools and approaches to, 125-126
foundations of, 121-122
meaning of, 119
process tools and approaches to, 124-125
technical tools and approaches to, 126-127
trends and opportunities and, 126-127
Goal hierarchy, 174-175
Goals, for project-level planning, 174-175
Gradient analysis, 348
Gradient directed transect (gradsect) sampling, 88,
97-98
Gradient models, 261-262
Gradual changes, in ecosystem dynamics, 338
Grain
and design objectives, 93
and disturbance, 340-341
impact on analysis, 48
Great Lakes Ecological Assessment, 447-459
Green's index, 193
Groundwater
classification, 359-360
systems, 353, 356
Group negotiation management, 170-171
Guild-based approach, 394
Habitat
formation and distribution, 378-379
template concept, 368-369
unit types, 358, 359
Hack's law, 201
Hedonic pricing, 238-239
Help-hypertext data management, 171
Heterogeneity, 188
Heuristic algorithm, 298
Hierarchy theory
and aquatic systems, 353, 361
as a basic principle in ecological assessment, 2-3
continuous versus discontinuous change and, 31-32
grain and extent and, 30-31
nestedness of systems and, 29-30
tenets of, 19
Historical approach, to assessing disturbance patterns,
344-345
Historic range of variability (HRV), 297
characterization of biophysical environments,
284-285
charcoal analysis in sediments, 279-280
dendroecological methods, 274-276
land survey records, 280-281
maps from historical data, 283
methods for aquatic ecosystems, 285
overview, 273
plant macrofossil assemblages, 277-279
pollen content analysis, 276-277
repeat photography, 282-283
simulation modeling, 283-284
Homogeneity, 188
Horvitz-Thompson estimator, 87-88
Human impact
characterizing, 404-415
and human ecology, 417
society-environment interactions, 416-435
HYBRID, 260, 264
Hydrograph, 370
Hydrology
climate and, 369-370
hydrological cycle and, 371-374
hydrologic processes and aquatic assessment,
369-375
hydrologic units, 353-354, 355
hydrologic variability in rivers, 394, 468
Hyetograph, 370
Hypertext documentation, 126
Hypothesis of stationarity, 192
Hypothesis testing and p values, 83-84
IBIS, 176
ICRB,96
IMPLAN (Impact Analysis for Planning), 311,
312-313
531
Implementation, of ecosystem management, 513-526
Implementation monitoring, 4
Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), 393
Indirect methods, for nonmarket valuation, 238-239
Industry
effect on ecosystem, 409, 421
industrial location theory, 423
Information fractal dimension, 203
Information management
data acquisition, 71-78
general data collection and sampling design
considerations for IREAs, 92-107
integration of physical, biological, and socionomic
information, 119-132
sampling design and statistical inference, 79-91
INFORMS, 176
Input-output modeling
description of, 308-310
distribution of output, income, and employment, 312
ecological, demographic, and social variables in, 314
forecasting and, 315-316
IMPLAN,312-313
limitations of multipliers, 312
major assumptions of, 307-308
multiplier process and, 310-312
problems with, 316-317
and regional economic impact analysis, 248-249,
250
REMI,313
RIMS, 313-314
transforming to linear programming, 314-315
Instance, of a class, 115
Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), 97
Integrated Regional Ecological Assessment (IREA).
See also Representative assessment (RA)
characteristics of, 92
general data collection and sampling design for,
93-107
Integration
across domains and disciplines, 122-123
across space and time, 123-124
challenges of, 120-121
conceptual tools and approaches to, 125-126
foundations of, 121-122
meaning of, 119
process tools and approaches to, 124-125
technical tools and approaches to, 126-127
trends and opportunities and, 126-127