22.7 References
Hann, W. J.; Jones, J. L.; Karl, M. G.; Hessburg, P. F.;
Keane, R. E.; Long, D. G.; Menakis, J. P.; McNicol,
C. H.; Leonard, S. G.; Gravenmier, R. A.; Smith,
B. G. 1997. Landscape dynamics of the basin. In:
Quigley, T. M.; Arbelbide, S. J., eds. An assessment
of ecosystem components in the Interior Columbia
Basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins:
Volume II. PNW-GTR-405. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept.
Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.: 3371055.
Hargrove, W. W.; Hoffman, F. M. 1999. Using multivariate clustering to characterize ecoregion borders.
Comput. Sci. Eng. 1:18-25.
He, H. S.; Mladenoff, D. J.; Radeloff, V. C.; Crow,
T. R. 1998. Integration of GIS data and classified satellite imagery for regional forest assessment. Eco!. Appl.
8:1072-1083.
Holdridge, L. R. 1947. Determination of world plant formations from simple climatic data. Science 105:367368.
Host, G.; Pastor, J. 1998. Modeling forest succession
among ecological land units in northern Minnesota.
Conserv. Eco!. 2(2):15 [online] URL:
http://www.consecol.org/voI2liss2/artI5.
Host, G. E.; Polzer, P. L.; Mladenoff, M. A.; White,
M. A.; Crow, S. J. 1996. A quantitative approach to
developing regional ecosystem classifications. Ecol.
Appl.6:608-618.
Hughes, R. M.; Whittier, T. R.; Rohm, C. M. 1990. A
regional framework for establishing recovery criteria.
Environ. Manage. 14:673-683.
Hutchinson, G. E. 1959. Homage to Santa Rosalia, or
why are there so many kinds of animals. Amer. Naturalist 93:145-159.
Isachenko, A. G. 1973. Principles of landscape science
and physical geographic regionalization. Melbourne:
J. S. Massey.
Jacobs, J. 1974. Quantitative measurement of food selection: a modification of the forage ratio and Ivlev's
electivity index. Oecologia 14:413-417.
Jenkins, S. H. 1979. Seasonal and year-to-year differences in food selection by beavers. Oecologia 44: 112116.
Jensen, M.; Goodman, I.; Brewer, K; Frost, T.; Ford, G.;
Nesser, J. 1997. Biophysical environments of the
basin. In: Quigley, T. M.; Arbelbide, S. J., eds. An assessment of ecosystem components in the Interior Columbia Basin and portions of the Klamath and Great
Basins: Volume II. PNW-GTR-405. Portland, OR:
U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res.
Sta.: 99-314.
Klijn, F., editor. 1994. Ecosystem classification for environmental management. Ecology & environment.
Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Klijn, F.; Udo de Haes, H. A. 1994. A hierarchical approach to ecosystems and its implications for ecologicalland classification. Landscape Eco!. 9(2):89-104.
Kovalchik, B. L.; Chitwood, L. A. 1990. Use of geomorphology in the classification of riparian plant as335
sociations in mountainous landscapes of central Oregon, U.S.A. For. Eco!. Manage. 33/34:405-418.
Krajina, V. J. 1965. Biogeoclimatic zones and classification of British Columbia. In: Krajina, V. J., ed. Ecology of Western North America. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia: 1-17.
Kiichler, A. W. 1964. Potential natural vegetation of the
conterminous United States. Am. Geogr. Soc. Spec.
Publ.36:1-54.
Kiichler, A. W. 1967. Vegetation mapping. New York:
Ronald Press.
Kiichler, A. W. 1973. Problems in classifying and mapping vegetation for ecological regionalization. Ecology 54:512-523.
Kiichler, A. W. 1988. The nature of vegetation. In: Kiichler, A. W.; Zonneve1d, I. S., eds. Vegetation mapping.
Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers: 321-329.
Kiich1er, A. W.; Zonneve1d, I. S., editors. 1988. Vegetation mapping. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer
Academic Publishers.
Landres, P. B.; Morgan, P.; Swanson, F. J. 1999. Evaluating the utility of natural variability concepts in managing ecological systems. Ecol. Appl. 9:1179-1188.
Lathrop, R. G.; Peterson, D. L. 1992. Identifying structural self-similarity in mountainous landscapes. Landscape Ecol. 6:233-238.
Lee, D. c.; Sedell, J. R.; Rieman, B. E.; Thurow, R. F.;
Williams, J. E.; Bums, D.; Clayton, J.; Decker, L.;
Gresswell, R.; House, R.; Howell, P.; Lee, K M.; MacDonald, K; McIntyre, J.; McKinney, S.; Noel, T.;
O'Connor, J. E.; Overton, C. K; Perkinson, D.; Tu,
K; Van Eimeren, P. 1997. Broadscale assessment of
aquatic species and habitats. In: Quigley, T. M.; Arbelbide, S. J., eds. An assessment of ecosystem components in the Interior Columbia Basin and portions
of the Klamath and Great Basins: Volume Ill. PNWGTR-405. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv.,
Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.: 1057-1496.
Lenz, R. J. M. 1994. Ecosystem classification by budgets of material; the example of forest ecosystems classified as proton budget types. In: Klijn, F., ed. Ecosystem classification for environmental management.
Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers: 117-137.
Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in
ecology. Ecology 73: 1942-1968.
Ligon, F. K; Dietrich, W. E.; Trush, W. J. 1995. Downstream ecological effects of dams: a geomorphic perspective. BioScience 45:183-192.
Mackey, B. G.; Nix, H. A.; Hutchinson, M. F.; MacMahon, J. P.; Fleming, P. M. 1988. Assessing representativeness of places for conservation reservation and
heritage listing. Environ. Manage. 12(4):501-514.
Mackey, B. G.; Nix, H. A.; Stein, J. A.; Cork, S. E.;
Bullen, F. T. 1989. Assessing the representativeness
of the wet tropics of Queensland World Heritage Property. Bio!. Conserv. 50:279-303.
MacKinnon, A.; Meidinger, D.; K1inka, K 1992. Use of
Hann, W. J.; Jones, J. L.; Karl, M. G.; Hessburg, P. F.;
Keane, R. E.; Long, D. G.; Menakis, J. P.; McNicol,
C. H.; Leonard, S. G.; Gravenmier, R. A.; Smith,
B. G. 1997. Landscape dynamics of the basin. In:
Quigley, T. M.; Arbelbide, S. J., eds. An assessment
of ecosystem components in the Interior Columbia
Basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins:
Volume II. PNW-GTR-405. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept.
Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.: 3371055.
Hargrove, W. W.; Hoffman, F. M. 1999. Using multivariate clustering to characterize ecoregion borders.
Comput. Sci. Eng. 1:18-25.
He, H. S.; Mladenoff, D. J.; Radeloff, V. C.; Crow,
T. R. 1998. Integration of GIS data and classified satellite imagery for regional forest assessment. Eco!. Appl.
8:1072-1083.
Holdridge, L. R. 1947. Determination of world plant formations from simple climatic data. Science 105:367368.
Host, G.; Pastor, J. 1998. Modeling forest succession
among ecological land units in northern Minnesota.
Conserv. Eco!. 2(2):15 [online] URL:
http://www.consecol.org/voI2liss2/artI5.
Host, G. E.; Polzer, P. L.; Mladenoff, M. A.; White,
M. A.; Crow, S. J. 1996. A quantitative approach to
developing regional ecosystem classifications. Ecol.
Appl.6:608-618.
Hughes, R. M.; Whittier, T. R.; Rohm, C. M. 1990. A
regional framework for establishing recovery criteria.
Environ. Manage. 14:673-683.
Hutchinson, G. E. 1959. Homage to Santa Rosalia, or
why are there so many kinds of animals. Amer. Naturalist 93:145-159.
Isachenko, A. G. 1973. Principles of landscape science
and physical geographic regionalization. Melbourne:
J. S. Massey.
Jacobs, J. 1974. Quantitative measurement of food selection: a modification of the forage ratio and Ivlev's
electivity index. Oecologia 14:413-417.
Jenkins, S. H. 1979. Seasonal and year-to-year differences in food selection by beavers. Oecologia 44: 112116.
Jensen, M.; Goodman, I.; Brewer, K; Frost, T.; Ford, G.;
Nesser, J. 1997. Biophysical environments of the
basin. In: Quigley, T. M.; Arbelbide, S. J., eds. An assessment of ecosystem components in the Interior Columbia Basin and portions of the Klamath and Great
Basins: Volume II. PNW-GTR-405. Portland, OR:
U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res.
Sta.: 99-314.
Klijn, F., editor. 1994. Ecosystem classification for environmental management. Ecology & environment.
Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Klijn, F.; Udo de Haes, H. A. 1994. A hierarchical approach to ecosystems and its implications for ecologicalland classification. Landscape Eco!. 9(2):89-104.
Kovalchik, B. L.; Chitwood, L. A. 1990. Use of geomorphology in the classification of riparian plant as335
sociations in mountainous landscapes of central Oregon, U.S.A. For. Eco!. Manage. 33/34:405-418.
Krajina, V. J. 1965. Biogeoclimatic zones and classification of British Columbia. In: Krajina, V. J., ed. Ecology of Western North America. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia: 1-17.
Kiichler, A. W. 1964. Potential natural vegetation of the
conterminous United States. Am. Geogr. Soc. Spec.
Publ.36:1-54.
Kiichler, A. W. 1967. Vegetation mapping. New York:
Ronald Press.
Kiichler, A. W. 1973. Problems in classifying and mapping vegetation for ecological regionalization. Ecology 54:512-523.
Kiichler, A. W. 1988. The nature of vegetation. In: Kiichler, A. W.; Zonneve1d, I. S., eds. Vegetation mapping.
Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers: 321-329.
Kiich1er, A. W.; Zonneve1d, I. S., editors. 1988. Vegetation mapping. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer
Academic Publishers.
Landres, P. B.; Morgan, P.; Swanson, F. J. 1999. Evaluating the utility of natural variability concepts in managing ecological systems. Ecol. Appl. 9:1179-1188.
Lathrop, R. G.; Peterson, D. L. 1992. Identifying structural self-similarity in mountainous landscapes. Landscape Ecol. 6:233-238.
Lee, D. c.; Sedell, J. R.; Rieman, B. E.; Thurow, R. F.;
Williams, J. E.; Bums, D.; Clayton, J.; Decker, L.;
Gresswell, R.; House, R.; Howell, P.; Lee, K M.; MacDonald, K; McIntyre, J.; McKinney, S.; Noel, T.;
O'Connor, J. E.; Overton, C. K; Perkinson, D.; Tu,
K; Van Eimeren, P. 1997. Broadscale assessment of
aquatic species and habitats. In: Quigley, T. M.; Arbelbide, S. J., eds. An assessment of ecosystem components in the Interior Columbia Basin and portions
of the Klamath and Great Basins: Volume Ill. PNWGTR-405. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv.,
Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.: 1057-1496.
Lenz, R. J. M. 1994. Ecosystem classification by budgets of material; the example of forest ecosystems classified as proton budget types. In: Klijn, F., ed. Ecosystem classification for environmental management.
Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers: 117-137.
Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in
ecology. Ecology 73: 1942-1968.
Ligon, F. K; Dietrich, W. E.; Trush, W. J. 1995. Downstream ecological effects of dams: a geomorphic perspective. BioScience 45:183-192.
Mackey, B. G.; Nix, H. A.; Hutchinson, M. F.; MacMahon, J. P.; Fleming, P. M. 1988. Assessing representativeness of places for conservation reservation and
heritage listing. Environ. Manage. 12(4):501-514.
Mackey, B. G.; Nix, H. A.; Stein, J. A.; Cork, S. E.;
Bullen, F. T. 1989. Assessing the representativeness
of the wet tropics of Queensland World Heritage Property. Bio!. Conserv. 50:279-303.
MacKinnon, A.; Meidinger, D.; K1inka, K 1992. Use of