334
Elements of Ecological Land Classifications for Ecological Assessments
ation in the United States. Environ. Manage. 22:6977.
Bourgeron, P. S.; Jensen, M. E. 1994. An overview of
ecological principles for ecosystem management. In:
Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron, P. S., eds. Volume II:
Ecosystem management: principles and applications.
PNW-GTR-318. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Agric., For.
Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.: 45-67.
Bourgeron, P. S.; Humphries, H. C.; Jensen, M. E. 1994.
Landscape characterization: a framework for ecological assessment at regional and local scales. J. Sustain.
For. 2(3-4):267-281.
Bourgeron, P. S.; Engelking, L. D.; Humphries, H. c.;
Muldavin, E.; Moir, W. H. 1995. Assessing the conservation value of the Gray Ranch: rarity, diversity and
representativeness. Desert Plants 11: 1-68.
Bourgeron, P. S.; Humphries, H. C.; Barber, J. A.;
Turner, S. J.; Jensen, M. E.; Goodman, I. A. 1999. Impact of broad- and fine-scale patterns on regional landscape characterization using AVHRR-derived land
cover data. Ecosystem Health 5:234-258.
Bowker, J. M.; English, D. B. K.; Donovan, J. A. 1996.
Toward a value for guided rafting on southern rivers.
J. Agric. Appl. Econ. 28:423-432.
Braun-Blanquet, J. 1965. Plant sociology: the study of
plant communities (PJlanzensoziologie). New York:
Hafner Publishing Co.
Brown, D. E.; Lowe, C. H.; Pase, C. P. 1979. A digitized classification system for the biotic communities
of North America, with community (series) and association examples for the Southwest. J. ArizonaNevada Acad. Sci. 14(Suppl.l):1-16.
Brown, D. E.; Reichenbacher, F.; Franson, S. E. 1998.
A classification of North American biotic communities. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press.
152 p.
Brown, J. H. 1984. On the relationship between the abundance and distribution of species. Amer. Naturalist
124:255-279.
Bunce, R G. H.; Barr, C. J.; Clarke, R. T.; Howard,
D. C.; Lane, A. M. J. 1996a. Land classification for
strategic ecological survey. J. Environ. Manage. 47:
37-60.
Bunce, R G. H.; Barr, C. J.; Gillespie, M. K.; Howard,
D. C. 1996b. The ITE land classification: providing
an environmental stratification of Great Britain. Environ. Monit. Assess. 39:39-46.
Canters, K. J.; den Herder, C. P.; de Veer, A. A.; Veelenturf, P. W. M.; de Waal, R W. 1991. Landscape-ecological mapping of the Netherlands. Landscape Ecol. 5:145-162.
Cherrill, A.; Lane, M. 1995. The survey and prediction
of land cover using an environmental land classification. Appl. Geogr. 15(1):69-85.
Cherrill, A. J.; Lane, A.; Fuller, R M. 1994. The use of
classified Landsat-5 thematic mapper imagery in the
characterization of landscape composition: a case
study in northern England. J. Environ. Manage. 40:
357-377.
Cherrill, A. J.; McClean, c.; Watson, P.; Rushton, S. P.;
Sanderson, R 1995. Predicting the distributions of
plant species at the regional scale: a hierarchical matrix model. Landscape Ecol. 10:197-207.
Christian, C. S.; Stewart, G. A. 1968. Methodology of
integrated surveys. In: Aerial surveys and integrated
studies. Paris: Proc. Toulouse Conf. 1964, UNESCO:
233-280.
Daubenmire, R 1966. Vegetation: identification of typal
communities. Science 151:291-298.
Delcourt, H. R; Delcourt, P. A. 1988. Quaternary landscape ecology: relevant scales in space and time. Landscape Eco/. 2:45-61.
Detenbeck, N. E.; Galatowitsch, S. M.; Atkinson, J.; Ball,
H. 1999. Evaluating perturbations and developing
restoration strategies for inland wetlands in the Great
Lakes basin. Wetlands 19:789-820.
DeVelice, R. L.; Daumiller, G. J.; Bourgeron, P. S.;
Jarvie, J. O. 1994. Bioenvironmental representativeness of nature preserves: assessment using a combination of a GIS and a rule-based model. In: Despain,
D. G., ed. Technical Report NPSINRYELUNRTR93/XX: Plants and Their Environments: Proceedings
of the First Biennial Scientific Conference on the
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, September 16-17,
1991, Yellowstone National Park, WY. Denver, CO:
USDI National Park Service: 131-138.
Dice, L. R 1943. The biotic provinces of North America. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Driscoll, R S.; Merkel, D. L.; Radloff, D. L.; Snyder, D.
E.; Hagihara, J. S. 1984. An ecological land classification framework for the United States. Misc. Publ.
1439. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Servo
ECOMAP. 1993. National hierarchical framework of
ecological units. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. Agric.,
For. Servo
ESWG (Ecological Stratification Working Group). 1995.
A national ecologicalframeworkfor Canada. Ottawa:
Agriculture and Agri food Canada, Research Branch,
Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research;
and Environment Canada, State of the Environment
Directorate, Ecozone Analysis Branch. (map)
Gallant, A. L.; Binnian, E. F.; Omernik, J. M.; Shasby,
M. B. 1995. Ecoregions of Alaska. U.S. Geological
Survey Professional Pap. 1567. Washington, DC: U.S.
Govt. Printing Off.
Grossman, D. H.; Faber-Langendoen, D.; Weakley,
A. S.; Anderson, M.; Bourgeron, P.; Crawford, R;
Gooding, K.; Landaal, S.; Metzler, K.; Patterson, K.
D.; Pyne, M.; Reid, M.; Sneddon, L. 1998. International classification of ecological communities: terrestrial vegetation of the United States. Volume I. The
national vegetation classification standard. Arlington,
VA: The Nature Conservancy.
Grossman, D. H.; Bourgeron, P. S.; Busch, W.-D. N.;
Cleland, D.; Platts, W.; Ray, G. C.; Robins, C. R.;
Roloff, G. 1999. Principles for ecological classification. In: Johnson, N. C.; Malk, A. J.; Sexton, W. T.;
Szaro, R c., eds. Volume II. Ecological stewardship:
a common reference for ecosystem management. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science: 353-393.
Elements of Ecological Land Classifications for Ecological Assessments
ation in the United States. Environ. Manage. 22:6977.
Bourgeron, P. S.; Jensen, M. E. 1994. An overview of
ecological principles for ecosystem management. In:
Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron, P. S., eds. Volume II:
Ecosystem management: principles and applications.
PNW-GTR-318. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Agric., For.
Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.: 45-67.
Bourgeron, P. S.; Humphries, H. C.; Jensen, M. E. 1994.
Landscape characterization: a framework for ecological assessment at regional and local scales. J. Sustain.
For. 2(3-4):267-281.
Bourgeron, P. S.; Engelking, L. D.; Humphries, H. c.;
Muldavin, E.; Moir, W. H. 1995. Assessing the conservation value of the Gray Ranch: rarity, diversity and
representativeness. Desert Plants 11: 1-68.
Bourgeron, P. S.; Humphries, H. C.; Barber, J. A.;
Turner, S. J.; Jensen, M. E.; Goodman, I. A. 1999. Impact of broad- and fine-scale patterns on regional landscape characterization using AVHRR-derived land
cover data. Ecosystem Health 5:234-258.
Bowker, J. M.; English, D. B. K.; Donovan, J. A. 1996.
Toward a value for guided rafting on southern rivers.
J. Agric. Appl. Econ. 28:423-432.
Braun-Blanquet, J. 1965. Plant sociology: the study of
plant communities (PJlanzensoziologie). New York:
Hafner Publishing Co.
Brown, D. E.; Lowe, C. H.; Pase, C. P. 1979. A digitized classification system for the biotic communities
of North America, with community (series) and association examples for the Southwest. J. ArizonaNevada Acad. Sci. 14(Suppl.l):1-16.
Brown, D. E.; Reichenbacher, F.; Franson, S. E. 1998.
A classification of North American biotic communities. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press.
152 p.
Brown, J. H. 1984. On the relationship between the abundance and distribution of species. Amer. Naturalist
124:255-279.
Bunce, R G. H.; Barr, C. J.; Clarke, R. T.; Howard,
D. C.; Lane, A. M. J. 1996a. Land classification for
strategic ecological survey. J. Environ. Manage. 47:
37-60.
Bunce, R G. H.; Barr, C. J.; Gillespie, M. K.; Howard,
D. C. 1996b. The ITE land classification: providing
an environmental stratification of Great Britain. Environ. Monit. Assess. 39:39-46.
Canters, K. J.; den Herder, C. P.; de Veer, A. A.; Veelenturf, P. W. M.; de Waal, R W. 1991. Landscape-ecological mapping of the Netherlands. Landscape Ecol. 5:145-162.
Cherrill, A.; Lane, M. 1995. The survey and prediction
of land cover using an environmental land classification. Appl. Geogr. 15(1):69-85.
Cherrill, A. J.; Lane, A.; Fuller, R M. 1994. The use of
classified Landsat-5 thematic mapper imagery in the
characterization of landscape composition: a case
study in northern England. J. Environ. Manage. 40:
357-377.
Cherrill, A. J.; McClean, c.; Watson, P.; Rushton, S. P.;
Sanderson, R 1995. Predicting the distributions of
plant species at the regional scale: a hierarchical matrix model. Landscape Ecol. 10:197-207.
Christian, C. S.; Stewart, G. A. 1968. Methodology of
integrated surveys. In: Aerial surveys and integrated
studies. Paris: Proc. Toulouse Conf. 1964, UNESCO:
233-280.
Daubenmire, R 1966. Vegetation: identification of typal
communities. Science 151:291-298.
Delcourt, H. R; Delcourt, P. A. 1988. Quaternary landscape ecology: relevant scales in space and time. Landscape Eco/. 2:45-61.
Detenbeck, N. E.; Galatowitsch, S. M.; Atkinson, J.; Ball,
H. 1999. Evaluating perturbations and developing
restoration strategies for inland wetlands in the Great
Lakes basin. Wetlands 19:789-820.
DeVelice, R. L.; Daumiller, G. J.; Bourgeron, P. S.;
Jarvie, J. O. 1994. Bioenvironmental representativeness of nature preserves: assessment using a combination of a GIS and a rule-based model. In: Despain,
D. G., ed. Technical Report NPSINRYELUNRTR93/XX: Plants and Their Environments: Proceedings
of the First Biennial Scientific Conference on the
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, September 16-17,
1991, Yellowstone National Park, WY. Denver, CO:
USDI National Park Service: 131-138.
Dice, L. R 1943. The biotic provinces of North America. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Driscoll, R S.; Merkel, D. L.; Radloff, D. L.; Snyder, D.
E.; Hagihara, J. S. 1984. An ecological land classification framework for the United States. Misc. Publ.
1439. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Servo
ECOMAP. 1993. National hierarchical framework of
ecological units. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. Agric.,
For. Servo
ESWG (Ecological Stratification Working Group). 1995.
A national ecologicalframeworkfor Canada. Ottawa:
Agriculture and Agri food Canada, Research Branch,
Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research;
and Environment Canada, State of the Environment
Directorate, Ecozone Analysis Branch. (map)
Gallant, A. L.; Binnian, E. F.; Omernik, J. M.; Shasby,
M. B. 1995. Ecoregions of Alaska. U.S. Geological
Survey Professional Pap. 1567. Washington, DC: U.S.
Govt. Printing Off.
Grossman, D. H.; Faber-Langendoen, D.; Weakley,
A. S.; Anderson, M.; Bourgeron, P.; Crawford, R;
Gooding, K.; Landaal, S.; Metzler, K.; Patterson, K.
D.; Pyne, M.; Reid, M.; Sneddon, L. 1998. International classification of ecological communities: terrestrial vegetation of the United States. Volume I. The
national vegetation classification standard. Arlington,
VA: The Nature Conservancy.
Grossman, D. H.; Bourgeron, P. S.; Busch, W.-D. N.;
Cleland, D.; Platts, W.; Ray, G. C.; Robins, C. R.;
Roloff, G. 1999. Principles for ecological classification. In: Johnson, N. C.; Malk, A. J.; Sexton, W. T.;
Szaro, R c., eds. Volume II. Ecological stewardship:
a common reference for ecosystem management. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science: 353-393.