XIV
12.3.3
Sea Grass Beds • • • 0 • •
12.3.4
Marginal Marshes
12.3.5
Artificial Hard Substrates
12.4
Energy Flow . . . . . . . .
12.4.1
Primary Production Cycles
12.4.2
Trophic Relations ......
12.5
Estuary-Coast Interactions
12.6
Impact and Management
References • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • •
13
13.1
13.2
13.2.1
13.2.2
13.3
13.3.1
The Rio de Ia Plata Estuary, Argentina-Uruguay
H. Mianzan, C. Lasta, E. Acha, R. Guerrero, G. Macchi,
and C. Bremec
Introduction
Environmental Setting
Climate . . . . . . .
Estuarine Dynamics
Biotic Components . .
Freshwater Environment
13.3.2
Mixohaline Environment
13.3.2.1 Plankton
13.3.2.2 Benthos . . . . . . .
13.3.2.3 Nekton . . . . . . . .
13.3.2.4 Mammals and Birds
13.3.3
Continental Shelf Environment
13.3.3.1 Plankton
13.3.3.2 Benthos
13.3.3.3 Nekton ..
13.3.3.4 Mammals
13.4
Biological Significance of the Salt Wedge Regime
13.4.1
Head of the Salt Wedge . . . . . . . . . . .
13.4.2
Halocline and Surface Salinity Front . . .
13.5
Human Impacts and Management Needs
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
14.1
14.2
The Bahia Blanca Estuary, Argentina . . . . . . . . . . .
G.M.E. Perillo, M.C. Piccolo, E. Parodi, and R.H. Freije
Introduction
Geomorphology
Contents
171
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182
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186
187
188
188
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190
191
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205