371
Howard J, McLeod E, Thomas S et al (2017b) The potential to integrate blue carbon into MPA
design and management. Aquat Conserv Mar Freshwat Ecosyst 27(S1):100–115
Howard JL, Creed JC, Aguiar MVP, Fouqurean JW (2018) CO 2 released by carbonate sediment
production in some coastal areas may offset the benefits of seagrass “blue carbon” storage.
Limnol Oceanogr 63:160–172
Ikawa H, Oechel WC (2015) Temporal variations in air-sea CO 2 exchange near large kelp beds
near San Diego, California. J Geophys Res Ocean 120:50–63
Inoue T (2018) Carbon sequestration in mangroves. In: Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer, Singapore,
pp 73–99
International Partnership for Blue Carbon (2017) Coastal blue carbon: an introduction for policy
makers.
https://bluecarbonpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Introduction-forpolicy-makers_FINAL_web.pdf
IPCC (2006) IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. http://www.ipcc-nggip.
iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/
IPCC (2013) Fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC,
Geneva
IPCC (2014) 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories: wetlands. Hiraishi T, Krug T, Tanabe K et al (eds) IPCC, Geneva
Jiao N, Wang H, Xu G, Aricò S (2018) Blue carbon on the rise: challenges and opportunities. Natl
Sci Rev. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy030/4862478
Kauffman BJ, Arifanti VB, Trejo HH et al (2017) The jumbo carbon footprint of a shrimp: carbon
losses from mangrove deforestation. Front Ecol Environ 15:183–188
Kelleway J, Serrano O, Cannard T, et al (2017) Technical review of opportunities for including
blue carbon in the Australian Government’s Emissions Reduction Fund. CSIRO, Canberra
Kennedy H, Beggins J, Duarte CM et al (2010) Seagrass sediments as a global carbon sink: isotopic constraints. Global Biogeochem Cycles 24:GB4026
Koch EW, Barbier EB, Silliman BR et al (2009) Non-linearity in ecosystem services: temporal and
spatial variability in coastal protection. Front Ecol Environ 7:29–37
Krause-Jensen D, Duarte CM (2016) Substantial role of macroalgae in marine carbon sequestration. Nat Geosci 9:737–742
Kuwae T, Kanda J, Kubo A et al (2016) Blue carbon in human-dominated estuarine and shallow
coastal systems. Ambio 45:290–301
Kuwae T, Kanda J, Kubo A, Nakajima F, Ogawa H, Sohma A, Suzumura M (2018) CO 2 uptake
in the shallow coastal ecosystems affected by anthropogenic impacts. In: Kuwae T, Hori M
(eds) Blue carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer, Singapore, pp 295–319
Laffoley DA, Grimsditch G (2009) The management of natural coastal carbon sinks. IUCN, Gland,
53 pp. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2009-038.pdf
Laruelle GG, Durr HH, Lauerwald R et al (2013) Global multi-scale segmentation of continental and coastal waters from the watersheds to the continental margins. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci
17:2029–2051
Lavery PS, Mateo MÁ, Serrano O, Rozaimi M (2013) Variability in the carbon storage of seagrass
habitats and its implications for global estimates of blue carbon ecosystem service. PLoS One
8:e73748
Le Quéré C, Moriarty R, Andrew RM et al (2018) Global carbon budget 2017. Earth Syst Sci Data
10:405–448
Lovelock CE, Atwood T, Baldock J et al (2017) Assessing the risk of carbon dioxide emissions
from blue carbon ecosystems. Front Ecol Environ 15:257–265
Lutz SJ, Neumann C, Bredbenner A (2014) Building blue carbon projects: an introductory guide.
https://gridarendal-website-live.s3.amazonaws.com/production/documents/:s_document/317/
original/building_blue_carbon_projectsLowRes.pdf?1489067674
13 The Future of Blue Carbon: Addressing Global Environmental Issues
Howard J, McLeod E, Thomas S et al (2017b) The potential to integrate blue carbon into MPA
design and management. Aquat Conserv Mar Freshwat Ecosyst 27(S1):100–115
Howard JL, Creed JC, Aguiar MVP, Fouqurean JW (2018) CO 2 released by carbonate sediment
production in some coastal areas may offset the benefits of seagrass “blue carbon” storage.
Limnol Oceanogr 63:160–172
Ikawa H, Oechel WC (2015) Temporal variations in air-sea CO 2 exchange near large kelp beds
near San Diego, California. J Geophys Res Ocean 120:50–63
Inoue T (2018) Carbon sequestration in mangroves. In: Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer, Singapore,
pp 73–99
International Partnership for Blue Carbon (2017) Coastal blue carbon: an introduction for policy
makers.
https://bluecarbonpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Introduction-forpolicy-makers_FINAL_web.pdf
IPCC (2006) IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. http://www.ipcc-nggip.
iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/
IPCC (2013) Fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC,
Geneva
IPCC (2014) 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories: wetlands. Hiraishi T, Krug T, Tanabe K et al (eds) IPCC, Geneva
Jiao N, Wang H, Xu G, Aricò S (2018) Blue carbon on the rise: challenges and opportunities. Natl
Sci Rev. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy030/4862478
Kauffman BJ, Arifanti VB, Trejo HH et al (2017) The jumbo carbon footprint of a shrimp: carbon
losses from mangrove deforestation. Front Ecol Environ 15:183–188
Kelleway J, Serrano O, Cannard T, et al (2017) Technical review of opportunities for including
blue carbon in the Australian Government’s Emissions Reduction Fund. CSIRO, Canberra
Kennedy H, Beggins J, Duarte CM et al (2010) Seagrass sediments as a global carbon sink: isotopic constraints. Global Biogeochem Cycles 24:GB4026
Koch EW, Barbier EB, Silliman BR et al (2009) Non-linearity in ecosystem services: temporal and
spatial variability in coastal protection. Front Ecol Environ 7:29–37
Krause-Jensen D, Duarte CM (2016) Substantial role of macroalgae in marine carbon sequestration. Nat Geosci 9:737–742
Kuwae T, Kanda J, Kubo A et al (2016) Blue carbon in human-dominated estuarine and shallow
coastal systems. Ambio 45:290–301
Kuwae T, Kanda J, Kubo A, Nakajima F, Ogawa H, Sohma A, Suzumura M (2018) CO 2 uptake
in the shallow coastal ecosystems affected by anthropogenic impacts. In: Kuwae T, Hori M
(eds) Blue carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer, Singapore, pp 295–319
Laffoley DA, Grimsditch G (2009) The management of natural coastal carbon sinks. IUCN, Gland,
53 pp. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2009-038.pdf
Laruelle GG, Durr HH, Lauerwald R et al (2013) Global multi-scale segmentation of continental and coastal waters from the watersheds to the continental margins. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci
17:2029–2051
Lavery PS, Mateo MÁ, Serrano O, Rozaimi M (2013) Variability in the carbon storage of seagrass
habitats and its implications for global estimates of blue carbon ecosystem service. PLoS One
8:e73748
Le Quéré C, Moriarty R, Andrew RM et al (2018) Global carbon budget 2017. Earth Syst Sci Data
10:405–448
Lovelock CE, Atwood T, Baldock J et al (2017) Assessing the risk of carbon dioxide emissions
from blue carbon ecosystems. Front Ecol Environ 15:257–265
Lutz SJ, Neumann C, Bredbenner A (2014) Building blue carbon projects: an introductory guide.
https://gridarendal-website-live.s3.amazonaws.com/production/documents/:s_document/317/
original/building_blue_carbon_projectsLowRes.pdf?1489067674
13 The Future of Blue Carbon: Addressing Global Environmental Issues