370
Burden A, Garbutt RA, Evans CD et al (2013) Carbon sequestration and biogeochemical cycling in
a saltmarsh subject to coastal managed realignment. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 120:12–20
Cahoon DR, Hensel P, Rybczyk J et al (2003) Mass tree mortality leads to mangrove peat collapse
at Bay Islands, Honduras, after Hurricane Mitch. J Ecol 91:1093–1105
Cotovicz LC Jr, Knoppers BA, Brandini N, Santos SC, Abril G (2015) A strong CO 2 sink enhanced
by eutrophication in a tropical coastal embayment (Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).
Biogeosciences 12:6125–6146
Craft C, Megonigal P, Broome S et al (2003) The pace of ecosystem development of constructed
Spartina alterniflora marshes. Ecol Appl 13:1417–1432
Crooks S, Herr D, Tamelander J, Laffoley D, Vandever J (2011) Mitigating climate change through
restoration and management of coastal wetlands and near-shore marine ecosystems: challenges
and opportunities. https://www.uncclearn.org/sites/default/files/inventory/wb87.pdf
Crooks S, Emmer I, Murdiyarso D, Brown B (2014) Guiding principles for delivering coastal
wetland carbon projects. Report to the United Nations Environment Program and the Center
for International Forestry Research. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/
BMurdiyarso1402.pdf
Crosswell JR, Anderson IC, Stanhope JW et al (2017) Carbon budget of a shallow, lagoonal
estuary: transformations and source-sink dynamics along the river-estuary-ocean continuum.
Limnol Oceanogr 62(S1):S29–S45
Cusack DF, Axsen J, Shwom R, Hartzell-Nichols L, White S, Mackey KRM (2014) An interdisciplinary assessment of climate engineering strategies. Front Ecol Environ 12:280–287
Duarte CM, Krause-Jensen D (2017) Export from seagrass meadows contributes to marine carbon
sequestration. Front Mar Sci 4:13
Duarte CM, Sintes T, Marbà N (2013a) Assessing the CO 2 capture potential of seagrass restoration
projects. J Appl Ecol 50:1341–1349
Duarte CM, Losada IJ, Hendriks IE, Mazarrasa I, Marbà N (2013b) The role of coastal plant communities for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Nat Clim Chang 3:961–968
Endo T, Otani S (2018) Carbon storage in tidal flats. In: Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer, Singapore,
pp 129–151
EX-ACT (2017) EX-ante carbon balance tool, blue carbon and fisheries. Food and Agriculture
Organization. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i8342e.pdf
Fodrie FJ, Rodriguez AB, Gittman RK et al (2017) Oyster reefs as carbon sources and sinks. Proc
R Soc B 284:2017089
Greiner JT, McGlathery KJ, Gunnell J, McKee BA (2013) Seagrass restoration enhances “blue
carbon” sequestration in coastal waters. PLoS One 8:e72469
Herr D, Landis E (2016) Coastal blue carbon ecosystems. Opportunities for nationally determined
contributions: policy brief. IUCN/The Nature Conservancy, Washington, DC/Gland
Herr DT, Agardy D, Benzaken F, et al (2015) Coastal “blue” carbon: a revised guide to supporting
coastal wetland programs and projects using climate finance and other financial mechanisms.
IUCN, Gland. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2015.10.en
Hill R, Bellgrove A, Macreadie PI et al (2015) Can macroalgae contribute to blue carbon? An
Australian perspective. Limnol Oceanogr 60:1689–1706
Hori M, Bayne CJ, Kuwae T (2018) Blue carbon: characteristics of the ocean’s sequestration and
storage ability of carbon dioxide. In: Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue carbon in shallow coastal
ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer, Singapore, pp 1–31
Howard J, Hoyt S, Isensee K, Pidgeon E, Telszewski M (2014) Coastal blue carbon: methods
for assessing carbon stocks and emissions factors in mangroves, tidal salt marshes, and seagrass meadows. Conservation International, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of
UNESCO, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Arlington, Virginia
Howard J, Sutton-Grier A, Herr D et al (2017a) Clarifying the role of coastal and marine systems
in climate mitigation. Front Ecol Environ 15:42–50
T. Kuwae and M. Hori
Burden A, Garbutt RA, Evans CD et al (2013) Carbon sequestration and biogeochemical cycling in
a saltmarsh subject to coastal managed realignment. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 120:12–20
Cahoon DR, Hensel P, Rybczyk J et al (2003) Mass tree mortality leads to mangrove peat collapse
at Bay Islands, Honduras, after Hurricane Mitch. J Ecol 91:1093–1105
Cotovicz LC Jr, Knoppers BA, Brandini N, Santos SC, Abril G (2015) A strong CO 2 sink enhanced
by eutrophication in a tropical coastal embayment (Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).
Biogeosciences 12:6125–6146
Craft C, Megonigal P, Broome S et al (2003) The pace of ecosystem development of constructed
Spartina alterniflora marshes. Ecol Appl 13:1417–1432
Crooks S, Herr D, Tamelander J, Laffoley D, Vandever J (2011) Mitigating climate change through
restoration and management of coastal wetlands and near-shore marine ecosystems: challenges
and opportunities. https://www.uncclearn.org/sites/default/files/inventory/wb87.pdf
Crooks S, Emmer I, Murdiyarso D, Brown B (2014) Guiding principles for delivering coastal
wetland carbon projects. Report to the United Nations Environment Program and the Center
for International Forestry Research. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/
BMurdiyarso1402.pdf
Crosswell JR, Anderson IC, Stanhope JW et al (2017) Carbon budget of a shallow, lagoonal
estuary: transformations and source-sink dynamics along the river-estuary-ocean continuum.
Limnol Oceanogr 62(S1):S29–S45
Cusack DF, Axsen J, Shwom R, Hartzell-Nichols L, White S, Mackey KRM (2014) An interdisciplinary assessment of climate engineering strategies. Front Ecol Environ 12:280–287
Duarte CM, Krause-Jensen D (2017) Export from seagrass meadows contributes to marine carbon
sequestration. Front Mar Sci 4:13
Duarte CM, Sintes T, Marbà N (2013a) Assessing the CO 2 capture potential of seagrass restoration
projects. J Appl Ecol 50:1341–1349
Duarte CM, Losada IJ, Hendriks IE, Mazarrasa I, Marbà N (2013b) The role of coastal plant communities for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Nat Clim Chang 3:961–968
Endo T, Otani S (2018) Carbon storage in tidal flats. In: Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer, Singapore,
pp 129–151
EX-ACT (2017) EX-ante carbon balance tool, blue carbon and fisheries. Food and Agriculture
Organization. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i8342e.pdf
Fodrie FJ, Rodriguez AB, Gittman RK et al (2017) Oyster reefs as carbon sources and sinks. Proc
R Soc B 284:2017089
Greiner JT, McGlathery KJ, Gunnell J, McKee BA (2013) Seagrass restoration enhances “blue
carbon” sequestration in coastal waters. PLoS One 8:e72469
Herr D, Landis E (2016) Coastal blue carbon ecosystems. Opportunities for nationally determined
contributions: policy brief. IUCN/The Nature Conservancy, Washington, DC/Gland
Herr DT, Agardy D, Benzaken F, et al (2015) Coastal “blue” carbon: a revised guide to supporting
coastal wetland programs and projects using climate finance and other financial mechanisms.
IUCN, Gland. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2015.10.en
Hill R, Bellgrove A, Macreadie PI et al (2015) Can macroalgae contribute to blue carbon? An
Australian perspective. Limnol Oceanogr 60:1689–1706
Hori M, Bayne CJ, Kuwae T (2018) Blue carbon: characteristics of the ocean’s sequestration and
storage ability of carbon dioxide. In: Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue carbon in shallow coastal
ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer, Singapore, pp 1–31
Howard J, Hoyt S, Isensee K, Pidgeon E, Telszewski M (2014) Coastal blue carbon: methods
for assessing carbon stocks and emissions factors in mangroves, tidal salt marshes, and seagrass meadows. Conservation International, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of
UNESCO, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Arlington, Virginia
Howard J, Sutton-Grier A, Herr D et al (2017a) Clarifying the role of coastal and marine systems
in climate mitigation. Front Ecol Environ 15:42–50
T. Kuwae and M. Hori