183
Kone YJM, Abril G, Kouadio KN, Delille B, Borges AV (2009) Seasonal variability of carbon
dioxide in the rivers and lagoons of Ivory Coast (West Africa). Estuar Coast 32:246–260
Krause-Jensen D, Duarte CM (2016) Substantial role of macroalgae in marine carbon sequestration. Nat Geosci 9:737–742
Kuwae T, Kamio K, Inoue T et al (2006) Oxygen exchange flux between sediment and water in
an intertidal sandflat, measured in situ by the eddy-correlation method. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
307:59–68
Kuwae T, Kanda J, Kubo A et al (2016) Blue carbon in human-dominated estuarine and shallow
coastal systems. Ambio 45:290–301
Kuwae T, Kanda J, Kubo A, Nakajima F, Ogawa H, Sohma A, Suzumura M (2018) CO 2 uptake
in the shallow coastal ecosystems affected by anthropogenic impacts. In: Kuwae T, Hori M
(eds) Blue carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer, Singapore, pp 295–319
Laruelle GG, Dürr HH, Slomp CP et al (2010) Evaluation of sinks and sources of CO 2 in the global
coastal ocean using a spatially-explicit typology of estuaries and continental shelves. Geophys
Res Lett 37:L15607. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043691
Lauerwald R, Laruelle GG, Hartmann J et al (2015) Spatial patterns in CO 2 evasion from the global
river network. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 29:534–554
Le Quéré C, Andrew RM, Friedlingstein P et al (2018) Global carbon budget 2017. Earth Syst Sci
Data 10:405–448. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018
Lee X, Massman W, Law B (eds) (2004) Coordinate system and flux bias error, handbook of
micrometeorology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
Lemaire BJ, Noss C, Lorke A (2017) Toward relaxed eddy accumulation measurements of
sediment- water exchange in aquatic ecosystems. Geophys Res Lett 44:8901–8909
Leuschner C, Rees U (1993) CO 2 gas flux of two intertidal seagrass species, Zostera marina L. a.
Aquat Bot 45(1):53–62
Macreadie PI, Serrano O, Maher DT et al (2017) Addressing calcium carbonate cycling in blue
carbon accounting. Limnol Oceanogr Lett 2:195–201. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10052
Maher DT, Eyre BD (2012) Carbon budgets for three autotrophic Australian estuaries: implications
for global estimates of the coastal air-water CO 2 flux. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 26:GB1032.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004075
Meyers TP, Hall ME, Lindberg SE et al (1996) Use of the modified Bowen-ratio technique to
measure fluxes of trace gases. Atmos Environ 30:3321–3329
Moki H, Nakagawa Y, Watanabe K et al (2016) Field observations and numerical analyses on
the effect of vegetation on the hydrodynamics of a shallow water using a new hydrodynamic
model. Report of the Port and Airport Research Institute 55(2):35–59 (in Japanese with English
abstract)
Otani S, Endo T (2018) CO 2 flux in tidal flats and salt marshes. In: Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue
carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer,
Singapore, pp 223–250
Regnier P, Friedlingstein P, Ciais P et al (2013) Anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon fluxes
from land to ocean. Nat Geosci 6:597–607
Stuiver M, Polach HA (1977) Discussion: reporting of
14 C data. Radiocarbon 19:355–363
Suzuki A, Kawahata H (2004) Reef water CO 2 system and carbon production of coral reefs: topographic control of system-level performance. In: Shiyomi M et al (eds) Global environmental
change in the ocean and on land. TERRAPUB, Tokyo, pp 229–248
Sweeney C, Gloor E, Jacobson AR et al (2007) Constraining global air-sea gas exchange for
CO 2 with recent bomb
14
C measurements. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 21:GB2015. https://doi.
org/10.1029/2006GB002784
Tada K, Tokoro T, Watanabe K et al (2014a) Spatial distribution of air-sea CO 2 flux and its influencing factors at the Lake Komuke, Hokkaido. J Jpn Soc Civ Eng Ser B3 70:I_1188–I_1193
(in Japanese with English abstract)
6 Air–Water CO 2 Flux in Shallow Coastal Waters: Theory, Methods…
Kone YJM, Abril G, Kouadio KN, Delille B, Borges AV (2009) Seasonal variability of carbon
dioxide in the rivers and lagoons of Ivory Coast (West Africa). Estuar Coast 32:246–260
Krause-Jensen D, Duarte CM (2016) Substantial role of macroalgae in marine carbon sequestration. Nat Geosci 9:737–742
Kuwae T, Kamio K, Inoue T et al (2006) Oxygen exchange flux between sediment and water in
an intertidal sandflat, measured in situ by the eddy-correlation method. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
307:59–68
Kuwae T, Kanda J, Kubo A et al (2016) Blue carbon in human-dominated estuarine and shallow
coastal systems. Ambio 45:290–301
Kuwae T, Kanda J, Kubo A, Nakajima F, Ogawa H, Sohma A, Suzumura M (2018) CO 2 uptake
in the shallow coastal ecosystems affected by anthropogenic impacts. In: Kuwae T, Hori M
(eds) Blue carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer, Singapore, pp 295–319
Laruelle GG, Dürr HH, Slomp CP et al (2010) Evaluation of sinks and sources of CO 2 in the global
coastal ocean using a spatially-explicit typology of estuaries and continental shelves. Geophys
Res Lett 37:L15607. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043691
Lauerwald R, Laruelle GG, Hartmann J et al (2015) Spatial patterns in CO 2 evasion from the global
river network. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 29:534–554
Le Quéré C, Andrew RM, Friedlingstein P et al (2018) Global carbon budget 2017. Earth Syst Sci
Data 10:405–448. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018
Lee X, Massman W, Law B (eds) (2004) Coordinate system and flux bias error, handbook of
micrometeorology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
Lemaire BJ, Noss C, Lorke A (2017) Toward relaxed eddy accumulation measurements of
sediment- water exchange in aquatic ecosystems. Geophys Res Lett 44:8901–8909
Leuschner C, Rees U (1993) CO 2 gas flux of two intertidal seagrass species, Zostera marina L. a.
Aquat Bot 45(1):53–62
Macreadie PI, Serrano O, Maher DT et al (2017) Addressing calcium carbonate cycling in blue
carbon accounting. Limnol Oceanogr Lett 2:195–201. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10052
Maher DT, Eyre BD (2012) Carbon budgets for three autotrophic Australian estuaries: implications
for global estimates of the coastal air-water CO 2 flux. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 26:GB1032.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004075
Meyers TP, Hall ME, Lindberg SE et al (1996) Use of the modified Bowen-ratio technique to
measure fluxes of trace gases. Atmos Environ 30:3321–3329
Moki H, Nakagawa Y, Watanabe K et al (2016) Field observations and numerical analyses on
the effect of vegetation on the hydrodynamics of a shallow water using a new hydrodynamic
model. Report of the Port and Airport Research Institute 55(2):35–59 (in Japanese with English
abstract)
Otani S, Endo T (2018) CO 2 flux in tidal flats and salt marshes. In: Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue
carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer,
Singapore, pp 223–250
Regnier P, Friedlingstein P, Ciais P et al (2013) Anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon fluxes
from land to ocean. Nat Geosci 6:597–607
Stuiver M, Polach HA (1977) Discussion: reporting of
14 C data. Radiocarbon 19:355–363
Suzuki A, Kawahata H (2004) Reef water CO 2 system and carbon production of coral reefs: topographic control of system-level performance. In: Shiyomi M et al (eds) Global environmental
change in the ocean and on land. TERRAPUB, Tokyo, pp 229–248
Sweeney C, Gloor E, Jacobson AR et al (2007) Constraining global air-sea gas exchange for
CO 2 with recent bomb
14
C measurements. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 21:GB2015. https://doi.
org/10.1029/2006GB002784
Tada K, Tokoro T, Watanabe K et al (2014a) Spatial distribution of air-sea CO 2 flux and its influencing factors at the Lake Komuke, Hokkaido. J Jpn Soc Civ Eng Ser B3 70:I_1188–I_1193
(in Japanese with English abstract)
6 Air–Water CO 2 Flux in Shallow Coastal Waters: Theory, Methods…