348
Oxidative stress
and biofuel potential, 262–266
in carotenoid accumulation, 257–261
reactive oxygen species, 254–257
Oxylipins, 52, 56–60, 63, 64, 81, 85, 88
P
PAM. See Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)
fluorometry
Parasitism, 287
Particulate organic matters (POM), 242–243
Pathogenicity, 288–291
p-coumaric acid (p-CA), 290
Pelvetia canaliculata, 16
Permutational multivariate analysis of variance
(PERMANOVA), 72
Peroxiredoxin (PRX), 38
Peroxiredoxin Q (PRXQ), 125
Phaeocystis globosa, 289
Phlorotannins, 289
Photoacclimation
anthocyanin, role in, 140
anthropogenic activities, 138
CABs and Rubisco activase, 140
chlorophyll b/a ratios, 139
fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction
curves, 140
light requirement for seagrass, 138
non-photosynthetic tissues, 139
OJIP analysis, 139
PAM fluorometry, 138
photosynthesis-irradiance
characteristics, 139
PSI, role of, 139
UV-B, 141
xanthophyll cycle-related gene
upregulation, 140
Photoprotection. See Photoacclimation
Photoreceptors
genes, 146
light environment, 146
photoreceptor-mediated physiological
responses, terrestrial plants, 146
photosynthetic carbon fixation, 147, 148
PHYA and CRY1 downregulation, 146
phytochromes, 146
plant growth and development, 146
red and far-red wavelengths, 147
transcription factors, 146
Photorespiration
14
C pulse-chase experiments, 137
defined, 136
photosynthetic organisms, 137
redox homoeostasis under stress
conditions, 137
Rubisco, 136
RuBP oxygenation, 136
temperate seagrasses, 137
Photosynthesis
carbon limitation, 182
DIC, 172
eelgrass stimulation, 173
environmental forcing, 173
metabolic carbon balance determination, 181
organisms, 239, 240, 242
and respiration, 172
UV radiation, 242, 243
β-oxidation, 239
Photosynthesis of seagrass
carbon reactions, 135, 136
electron flow, 137, 138
energy metabolisms, role in, 134
light-harvesting and reactions, 134, 135
photorespiratory activities, 136, 137
Phycobiliproteins, 253
Phycosphere, 282
Phytochelatins, 256
Phytohormones, 286
Phytoplankton, 239, 240
Phytotoxins
antioxidative systems, 144
excessive heavy metals, 144
metalloenzymes inactivator, 145
microbial reduction, sulphate, 145
organic matter load, 145
PCs synthesis, 145
pesticides, herbicides and trace metals, 145
photosynthetic electron transport, 144
PSII and pigment concentration, 144
Picoeukaryotic prasinophytes, 227
Plant-associated bacteria (PAB), 304
Platelet-activating factor (PAF), 337
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), 285
Polyphenol, 256
Porphyra, 15, 16, 18–21
Porphyra linearis, 42
Porphyra sanjuanensis, 22
Porphyra yezoensis, 8
Precursor ion scans (PIS), 65
Primary polar metabolites, 199
Primary producers
concentration, 237
ocean environment, 247
physiological performance, 236
physiology, 244
Prochlorococcus, 230, 231
Prokaryotic microalgae, 211
Index
Oxidative stress
and biofuel potential, 262–266
in carotenoid accumulation, 257–261
reactive oxygen species, 254–257
Oxylipins, 52, 56–60, 63, 64, 81, 85, 88
P
PAM. See Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)
fluorometry
Parasitism, 287
Particulate organic matters (POM), 242–243
Pathogenicity, 288–291
p-coumaric acid (p-CA), 290
Pelvetia canaliculata, 16
Permutational multivariate analysis of variance
(PERMANOVA), 72
Peroxiredoxin (PRX), 38
Peroxiredoxin Q (PRXQ), 125
Phaeocystis globosa, 289
Phlorotannins, 289
Photoacclimation
anthocyanin, role in, 140
anthropogenic activities, 138
CABs and Rubisco activase, 140
chlorophyll b/a ratios, 139
fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction
curves, 140
light requirement for seagrass, 138
non-photosynthetic tissues, 139
OJIP analysis, 139
PAM fluorometry, 138
photosynthesis-irradiance
characteristics, 139
PSI, role of, 139
UV-B, 141
xanthophyll cycle-related gene
upregulation, 140
Photoprotection. See Photoacclimation
Photoreceptors
genes, 146
light environment, 146
photoreceptor-mediated physiological
responses, terrestrial plants, 146
photosynthetic carbon fixation, 147, 148
PHYA and CRY1 downregulation, 146
phytochromes, 146
plant growth and development, 146
red and far-red wavelengths, 147
transcription factors, 146
Photorespiration
14
C pulse-chase experiments, 137
defined, 136
photosynthetic organisms, 137
redox homoeostasis under stress
conditions, 137
Rubisco, 136
RuBP oxygenation, 136
temperate seagrasses, 137
Photosynthesis
carbon limitation, 182
DIC, 172
eelgrass stimulation, 173
environmental forcing, 173
metabolic carbon balance determination, 181
organisms, 239, 240, 242
and respiration, 172
UV radiation, 242, 243
β-oxidation, 239
Photosynthesis of seagrass
carbon reactions, 135, 136
electron flow, 137, 138
energy metabolisms, role in, 134
light-harvesting and reactions, 134, 135
photorespiratory activities, 136, 137
Phycobiliproteins, 253
Phycosphere, 282
Phytochelatins, 256
Phytohormones, 286
Phytoplankton, 239, 240
Phytotoxins
antioxidative systems, 144
excessive heavy metals, 144
metalloenzymes inactivator, 145
microbial reduction, sulphate, 145
organic matter load, 145
PCs synthesis, 145
pesticides, herbicides and trace metals, 145
photosynthetic electron transport, 144
PSII and pigment concentration, 144
Picoeukaryotic prasinophytes, 227
Plant-associated bacteria (PAB), 304
Platelet-activating factor (PAF), 337
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), 285
Polyphenol, 256
Porphyra, 15, 16, 18–21
Porphyra linearis, 42
Porphyra sanjuanensis, 22
Porphyra yezoensis, 8
Precursor ion scans (PIS), 65
Primary polar metabolites, 199
Primary producers
concentration, 237
ocean environment, 247
physiological performance, 236
physiology, 244
Prochlorococcus, 230, 231
Prokaryotic microalgae, 211
Index