247
different scenarios. Though it would be ideal to investigate OA effects under natural
conditions with fluctuating or changing abiotic factors, experimental logistics usually limit the combinations of several environmental drivers. Therefore, in investigations of photosynthetic responses to OA, phytoplankton, and/or macroalgae
should be exposed to solar UV radiation. Mechanisms involved in the combined or
compounded effects of OA and UV should be explored to establish a reliable theory
toward understanding regional responses of marine primary producers to the changing ocean environment. Due to research activity logistics, under multiple environmental stressors, our knowledge is limited in our understanding of how the effect of
OA or UV or UV plus OA changes. In some waters where the chemical environment
is fluctuant, some regional problems such as the effect of OA on biological activities
require further studies; the effect of OA on the process of UV photodegradation of
organics will influence the amount of marine carbon fixation or carbon storage
directly or indirectly.
References
Bais AF, McKenzie RL, Bernhard G, Aucamp PJ, Ilyas M, Madronich S, Tourpali K (2015) Ozone
depletion and climate change: impacts on UV radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 14:19–52
Beardall J, Stojkovic S, Gao KS (2014) Interactive effects of nutrient supply and other environmental factors on the sensitivity of marine primary producers to ultraviolet radiation: implications for the impacts of global change. Aquat Biol 22:5–23
Berthelot H, Moutin T, L’Helguen S, Leblanc K, Hélias S, Grosso O, Leblond N, Charrière B,
Bonnet S (2015) Dinitrogen fixation and dissolved organic nitrogen fueled primary production
and particulate export during the VAHINE mesocosm experiment (New Caledonia lagoon).
Biogeosciences 12:4099–4112
Böttjer D, Karl MD, Letelier MR et al (2014) Experimental assessment of diazotroph reponses
to elevated seawater pCO 2 in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Global Biogeochem Cycle
28(6):601–616
Boyd PW (2011) Beyond ocean acidification. Nat Geosci 4:273–274
Brennan G, Collins S (2015) Growth responses of a green alga to multiple environmental drivers.
Nat Clim Chang 5:892–897
Caldeira K, Wickett ME (2003) Oceanography: anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. Nature
425:365
Chen SW, Gao KS (2011) Solar ultraviolet radiation and CO 2 -induced ocean acidification interacts to influence the photosynthetic performance of the red tide alga Phaeocystis globosa
(Prymnesiophyceae). Hydrobiologia 675(1):105–117
Czerny J, Barcelos e Ramos J, Riebesell U (2009) Influence of elevated CO 2 concentrations on cell
division and nitrogen fixation rates in the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. Biogeosciences 6:1865–1875
Eichner M, Rost B, Kranz SA (2014) Diversity of ocean acidification effects on marine N 2 fixers.
J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 457:199–207
Field CB, Behrenfeld MJ, Randerson JT et al (1998) Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components. Science 281:237–240
Gao KS, Campbell DA (2014) Photophysiological responses of marine diatoms to elevated CO 2
and decreased pH: a review. Funct Plant Biol 41:449–459
Gao KS, Zheng YQ (2010) Combined effects of ocean acidification and solar UV radiation on
photosynthesis, growth, pigmentation and calcification of the coralline alga Corallina sessilis
(Rhodophyta). Glob Change Biol 16:2388–2398
12 Effects of Ocean Acidification and UV Radiation on Marine Photosynthetic…
different scenarios. Though it would be ideal to investigate OA effects under natural
conditions with fluctuating or changing abiotic factors, experimental logistics usually limit the combinations of several environmental drivers. Therefore, in investigations of photosynthetic responses to OA, phytoplankton, and/or macroalgae
should be exposed to solar UV radiation. Mechanisms involved in the combined or
compounded effects of OA and UV should be explored to establish a reliable theory
toward understanding regional responses of marine primary producers to the changing ocean environment. Due to research activity logistics, under multiple environmental stressors, our knowledge is limited in our understanding of how the effect of
OA or UV or UV plus OA changes. In some waters where the chemical environment
is fluctuant, some regional problems such as the effect of OA on biological activities
require further studies; the effect of OA on the process of UV photodegradation of
organics will influence the amount of marine carbon fixation or carbon storage
directly or indirectly.
References
Bais AF, McKenzie RL, Bernhard G, Aucamp PJ, Ilyas M, Madronich S, Tourpali K (2015) Ozone
depletion and climate change: impacts on UV radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 14:19–52
Beardall J, Stojkovic S, Gao KS (2014) Interactive effects of nutrient supply and other environmental factors on the sensitivity of marine primary producers to ultraviolet radiation: implications for the impacts of global change. Aquat Biol 22:5–23
Berthelot H, Moutin T, L’Helguen S, Leblanc K, Hélias S, Grosso O, Leblond N, Charrière B,
Bonnet S (2015) Dinitrogen fixation and dissolved organic nitrogen fueled primary production
and particulate export during the VAHINE mesocosm experiment (New Caledonia lagoon).
Biogeosciences 12:4099–4112
Böttjer D, Karl MD, Letelier MR et al (2014) Experimental assessment of diazotroph reponses
to elevated seawater pCO 2 in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Global Biogeochem Cycle
28(6):601–616
Boyd PW (2011) Beyond ocean acidification. Nat Geosci 4:273–274
Brennan G, Collins S (2015) Growth responses of a green alga to multiple environmental drivers.
Nat Clim Chang 5:892–897
Caldeira K, Wickett ME (2003) Oceanography: anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. Nature
425:365
Chen SW, Gao KS (2011) Solar ultraviolet radiation and CO 2 -induced ocean acidification interacts to influence the photosynthetic performance of the red tide alga Phaeocystis globosa
(Prymnesiophyceae). Hydrobiologia 675(1):105–117
Czerny J, Barcelos e Ramos J, Riebesell U (2009) Influence of elevated CO 2 concentrations on cell
division and nitrogen fixation rates in the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. Biogeosciences 6:1865–1875
Eichner M, Rost B, Kranz SA (2014) Diversity of ocean acidification effects on marine N 2 fixers.
J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 457:199–207
Field CB, Behrenfeld MJ, Randerson JT et al (1998) Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components. Science 281:237–240
Gao KS, Campbell DA (2014) Photophysiological responses of marine diatoms to elevated CO 2
and decreased pH: a review. Funct Plant Biol 41:449–459
Gao KS, Zheng YQ (2010) Combined effects of ocean acidification and solar UV radiation on
photosynthesis, growth, pigmentation and calcification of the coralline alga Corallina sessilis
(Rhodophyta). Glob Change Biol 16:2388–2398
12 Effects of Ocean Acidification and UV Radiation on Marine Photosynthetic…