248
Gao KS, Wu Y, Li G, Wu H, Villafane VE, Helbling EW (2007a) Solar UV radiation drives CO 2
fixation in marine phytoplankton: a double-edged sword. Plant Physiol 144:54–59
Gao KS, Li G, Helbling EW, Villafane VE (2007b) Variability of UVR effects on photosynthesis
of summer phytoplankton assemblages from a tropical coastal area of the South China Sea.
Photochem Photobiol 83:802–809
Gao KS, Li P, Watanabe T, Helbling EW (2008) Combined effects of ultraviolet radiation and
temperature on morphology, photosynthesis and DNA of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis
(Cyanophyta). J Phycol 44:777–786
Gao KS, Ruan ZX, Villafane VE, Gattuso JP, Helbling EW (2009) Ocean acidification exacerbates
the effect of UV radiation on the calcifying phytoplankter Emiliania huxleyi. Limnol Oceanogr
54:1855–1862
Gao KS, Xu JT, Gao G et al (2012a) Rising CO 2 and increased light exposure synergistically
reduce marine primary productivity. Nat Clim Chang 2(7):519–523
Gao KS, Helbling EW, Häder DP, Hutchins DA (2012b) Responses of marine primary producers
to interactions between ocean acidification, solar radiation, and warming. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
470:167–189
Gattuso JP, Magnan A, Bille R (2015) Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different
anthropogenic CO 2 emissions scenarios. Science 349(6243):aac4722
Gradoville MR, White AE, Böttjer D, Church MJ, Letelier RM (2014) Diversity trumps acidification: lack of evidence for carbon dioxide enhancement of Trichodesmium community nitrogen
or carbon fixation at Station ALOHA. Limnol Oceanogr 59:645–659
Häder DP, Gao KS (2015) Interactions of anthropogenic stress factors on marine phytoplankton.
Front Environ Sci 3:1–14
Häder DP, Helbling EW, Smith RC et al (2011) Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and
interactions with climate change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 10:242–260
Häder DP, Williamson CE, Wängberg SÅ, Rautio M, Rose KC, Gao KS, Helbling EW, Sinha RP,
Worrest R (2014) Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with other
environmental factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 14:108–126
Hargreaves BR (2003) Water column optics and penetration of UVR. In: Helbling EW, Zagarese
HE (eds) UV effects in aquatic organisms and ecosystems. The Royal Society of Chemistry,
Cambridge, pp 59–105
Hattenrath-Lehmann TK, Smith JL, Wallace RB et al (2015) The effects of elevated CO 2 on the
growth and toxicity of field populations and cultures of the saxitoxin-producing dinoflagellate,
Alexandrium fundyense. Limnol Oceanogr 60(1):198–214
Helbling EW, Gao KS, Goncalves R et al (2003) Utilization of solar UV radiation by costal
phytoplankton assemblages off SE China when exposed to fast mixing. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
259:59–66
Helbling EW, Banaszak AT, Villafañe VE (2015) Global change feed-back inhibits cyanobacterial
photosynthesis. Sci Rep 5:14514
Hönisch B, Rdigwell A, Schmidt DN et al (2012) The geological record of ocean acidification.
Science 335(6072):1058–1063
Hutchins DA, Fu FX, Webb EA, Walworth N, Tagliabue A (2013) Taxon-specific response of
marine nitrogen fixers to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Nat Geosci 6:790–795
Jin P, Gao KS, Villafañe EV, Campbell AD, Helbling EW (2013) Ocean acidification alters the
photosynthetic response of a coccolithophorid to fluctuating ultraviolet and visible radiation.
Plant Physiol 162:2084–2094
Jin P, Wang TF, Liu NN, Dupont S, Beardall J, Boyd PW, Riebesell U, Gao KS (2015) Ocean
acidification increases the accumulation of toxic phenolic compounds across trophic levels.
Nat Commun 6:8714
Kim JM, Lee K, Shin K et al (2006) The effect of seawater CO 2 concentration on growth of
a natural phytoplankton assemblage in a controled mesocosm experiment. Limnol Oceanogr
51:1629–1636
Kleypas JA, Buddemeier RW, Archer D et al (1999) Geochemical consequences of increased
atmospheric carbon dioxide on coral reefs. Science 284(5411):118–120
K. Gao and D.-P. Häder
Gao KS, Wu Y, Li G, Wu H, Villafane VE, Helbling EW (2007a) Solar UV radiation drives CO 2
fixation in marine phytoplankton: a double-edged sword. Plant Physiol 144:54–59
Gao KS, Li G, Helbling EW, Villafane VE (2007b) Variability of UVR effects on photosynthesis
of summer phytoplankton assemblages from a tropical coastal area of the South China Sea.
Photochem Photobiol 83:802–809
Gao KS, Li P, Watanabe T, Helbling EW (2008) Combined effects of ultraviolet radiation and
temperature on morphology, photosynthesis and DNA of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis
(Cyanophyta). J Phycol 44:777–786
Gao KS, Ruan ZX, Villafane VE, Gattuso JP, Helbling EW (2009) Ocean acidification exacerbates
the effect of UV radiation on the calcifying phytoplankter Emiliania huxleyi. Limnol Oceanogr
54:1855–1862
Gao KS, Xu JT, Gao G et al (2012a) Rising CO 2 and increased light exposure synergistically
reduce marine primary productivity. Nat Clim Chang 2(7):519–523
Gao KS, Helbling EW, Häder DP, Hutchins DA (2012b) Responses of marine primary producers
to interactions between ocean acidification, solar radiation, and warming. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
470:167–189
Gattuso JP, Magnan A, Bille R (2015) Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different
anthropogenic CO 2 emissions scenarios. Science 349(6243):aac4722
Gradoville MR, White AE, Böttjer D, Church MJ, Letelier RM (2014) Diversity trumps acidification: lack of evidence for carbon dioxide enhancement of Trichodesmium community nitrogen
or carbon fixation at Station ALOHA. Limnol Oceanogr 59:645–659
Häder DP, Gao KS (2015) Interactions of anthropogenic stress factors on marine phytoplankton.
Front Environ Sci 3:1–14
Häder DP, Helbling EW, Smith RC et al (2011) Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and
interactions with climate change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 10:242–260
Häder DP, Williamson CE, Wängberg SÅ, Rautio M, Rose KC, Gao KS, Helbling EW, Sinha RP,
Worrest R (2014) Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with other
environmental factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 14:108–126
Hargreaves BR (2003) Water column optics and penetration of UVR. In: Helbling EW, Zagarese
HE (eds) UV effects in aquatic organisms and ecosystems. The Royal Society of Chemistry,
Cambridge, pp 59–105
Hattenrath-Lehmann TK, Smith JL, Wallace RB et al (2015) The effects of elevated CO 2 on the
growth and toxicity of field populations and cultures of the saxitoxin-producing dinoflagellate,
Alexandrium fundyense. Limnol Oceanogr 60(1):198–214
Helbling EW, Gao KS, Goncalves R et al (2003) Utilization of solar UV radiation by costal
phytoplankton assemblages off SE China when exposed to fast mixing. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
259:59–66
Helbling EW, Banaszak AT, Villafañe VE (2015) Global change feed-back inhibits cyanobacterial
photosynthesis. Sci Rep 5:14514
Hönisch B, Rdigwell A, Schmidt DN et al (2012) The geological record of ocean acidification.
Science 335(6072):1058–1063
Hutchins DA, Fu FX, Webb EA, Walworth N, Tagliabue A (2013) Taxon-specific response of
marine nitrogen fixers to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Nat Geosci 6:790–795
Jin P, Gao KS, Villafañe EV, Campbell AD, Helbling EW (2013) Ocean acidification alters the
photosynthetic response of a coccolithophorid to fluctuating ultraviolet and visible radiation.
Plant Physiol 162:2084–2094
Jin P, Wang TF, Liu NN, Dupont S, Beardall J, Boyd PW, Riebesell U, Gao KS (2015) Ocean
acidification increases the accumulation of toxic phenolic compounds across trophic levels.
Nat Commun 6:8714
Kim JM, Lee K, Shin K et al (2006) The effect of seawater CO 2 concentration on growth of
a natural phytoplankton assemblage in a controled mesocosm experiment. Limnol Oceanogr
51:1629–1636
Kleypas JA, Buddemeier RW, Archer D et al (1999) Geochemical consequences of increased
atmospheric carbon dioxide on coral reefs. Science 284(5411):118–120
K. Gao and D.-P. Häder