188
Short F, Wyllie-Echeverria S (1996) Natural and human-induced disturbance of seagrasses.
Environ Conserv 23:17–27
Short FT, Neckles HA (1999) The effects of global climate change on seagrasses. Aquat Bot
63:169–196
Smith RD, Dennison WC, Alberte RS (1984) Role of seagrass photosynthesis in root aerobic processes. Plant Physiol 74:1055–1058
Smith RD, Pregnall AM, Alberte RS (1988) Effects of anaerobiosis on root metabolism of the
seagrass Zostera marina L. (eelgrass). Mar Biol 98:131–141
Tomasko DA, Corbett CA, Greening HS, Raulerson GE (2005) Spatial and temporal variation in
seagrass coverage in Southwest Florida: assessing the relative effects of anthropogenic nutrient
load reductions and rainfall in four contiguous estuaries. Mar Pollut Bull 50:797–805
Trocine R, Rice J, Wells G (1981) Inhibition of seagrass photosynthesis by ultraviolet-B radiation.
Plant Physiol 68:74–81
van Montrfrans J, Wetzel R, Orth R (1984) Epiphyte-grazer relationships in seagrass meadows:
consequences for seagrass growth and production. Estuaries 7:289–309
van Tussenbroek BI, Villamil N, Márquez-Guzmán J, Wong R, Monroy-Velázquez LV, Solis-Weiss
V (2016) Experimental evidence of pollination in marine flowers by invertebrate fauna. Nat
Commun 7:12980
Voesenek LACJ, Bailey-Serres J (2015) Flood adaptive traits and processes: an overview. New
Phytol 206:57–73
Woodward F (2002) Potential impacts of global elevated CO 2 concentrations on plants. Curr Opin
Plant Biol 5:207–211
Xue X-G, Long S, Ort D (2010) Improving photosynthetic efficiency for greater yield. Annu Rev
Mar Sci 61:235–261
Zimmerman R (2003) A biooptical model of irradiance distribution and photosynthesis in seagrass
canopies. Limnol Oceanogr 48:568–585
Zimmerman R (2006) Light and photosynthesis in seagrass meadows. In: Larkum A, Orth R,
Duarte C (eds) Seagrasses: biology, ecology and conservation. Springer, Dordrecht
Zimmerman R, Alberte R (1996) Effect of light/dark transition on carbon translocation in eelgrass
Zostera marina seedlings. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 136:305–309
Zimmerman R, Cabello-Pasini A, Alberte R (1994) Modeling daily production of aquatic macrophytes from irradiance measurements: a comparative analysis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 114:185–196
Zimmerman R, Caffrey J (2002) Chapter 8. Primary producers. In: Caffrey J, Brown M, Tyler
W, Silberstein M (eds) Changes in a California estuary: a profile of elkhorn slough. Elkhorn
Slough Foundation, Moss Landing, CA
Zimmerman R, Hill V, Celebi B, Jinuntuya M, Ruble D, Smith M, Cedeno T, Swingle W (2017)
Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass (Zostera marina
L.) Mar Ecol Prog Ser 566:1–15
Zimmerman R, Hill V, Gallegos C (2015) Predicting effects of ocean warming, acidification and
water quality on Chesapeake region eelgrass. Limnol Oceanogr 60:1781–1804
Zimmerman R, Kohrs D, Alberte R (1996) Top-down impact through a bottom-up mechanism:
the effect of limpet grazing on growth, productivity and carbon allocation of Zostera marina.
Oecologia 107:560–567
Zimmerman R, Kohrs D, Steller D, Alberte R (1997) Impacts of CO 2 -enrichment on productivity
and light requirements of eelgrass. Plant Physiol 115:599–607
Zimmerman R, Kohrs D, Steller DL, Alberte R (1995) Carbon partitioning in eelgrass. Regulation
by photosynthesis and the response to daily light-dark cycles. Plant Physiol 108:1665–1671
Zimmerman R, Smith R, Alberte R (1987) Is growth of eelgrass nitrogen limited? A numerical
simulation of the effects of light and nitrogen on the growth dynamics of Zostera marina. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 41:167–176
Zimmerman RC, Smith RD, Alberte RS (1989) Thermal acclimation and whole plant carbon balance in Zostera marina L. (eelgrass). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 130:93–109
Zupo V, Buia M, Mazzella L (1997) A production model for Posidonia oceanica based on temperature. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 44:483–492
R.C. Zimmerman
Short F, Wyllie-Echeverria S (1996) Natural and human-induced disturbance of seagrasses.
Environ Conserv 23:17–27
Short FT, Neckles HA (1999) The effects of global climate change on seagrasses. Aquat Bot
63:169–196
Smith RD, Dennison WC, Alberte RS (1984) Role of seagrass photosynthesis in root aerobic processes. Plant Physiol 74:1055–1058
Smith RD, Pregnall AM, Alberte RS (1988) Effects of anaerobiosis on root metabolism of the
seagrass Zostera marina L. (eelgrass). Mar Biol 98:131–141
Tomasko DA, Corbett CA, Greening HS, Raulerson GE (2005) Spatial and temporal variation in
seagrass coverage in Southwest Florida: assessing the relative effects of anthropogenic nutrient
load reductions and rainfall in four contiguous estuaries. Mar Pollut Bull 50:797–805
Trocine R, Rice J, Wells G (1981) Inhibition of seagrass photosynthesis by ultraviolet-B radiation.
Plant Physiol 68:74–81
van Montrfrans J, Wetzel R, Orth R (1984) Epiphyte-grazer relationships in seagrass meadows:
consequences for seagrass growth and production. Estuaries 7:289–309
van Tussenbroek BI, Villamil N, Márquez-Guzmán J, Wong R, Monroy-Velázquez LV, Solis-Weiss
V (2016) Experimental evidence of pollination in marine flowers by invertebrate fauna. Nat
Commun 7:12980
Voesenek LACJ, Bailey-Serres J (2015) Flood adaptive traits and processes: an overview. New
Phytol 206:57–73
Woodward F (2002) Potential impacts of global elevated CO 2 concentrations on plants. Curr Opin
Plant Biol 5:207–211
Xue X-G, Long S, Ort D (2010) Improving photosynthetic efficiency for greater yield. Annu Rev
Mar Sci 61:235–261
Zimmerman R (2003) A biooptical model of irradiance distribution and photosynthesis in seagrass
canopies. Limnol Oceanogr 48:568–585
Zimmerman R (2006) Light and photosynthesis in seagrass meadows. In: Larkum A, Orth R,
Duarte C (eds) Seagrasses: biology, ecology and conservation. Springer, Dordrecht
Zimmerman R, Alberte R (1996) Effect of light/dark transition on carbon translocation in eelgrass
Zostera marina seedlings. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 136:305–309
Zimmerman R, Cabello-Pasini A, Alberte R (1994) Modeling daily production of aquatic macrophytes from irradiance measurements: a comparative analysis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 114:185–196
Zimmerman R, Caffrey J (2002) Chapter 8. Primary producers. In: Caffrey J, Brown M, Tyler
W, Silberstein M (eds) Changes in a California estuary: a profile of elkhorn slough. Elkhorn
Slough Foundation, Moss Landing, CA
Zimmerman R, Hill V, Celebi B, Jinuntuya M, Ruble D, Smith M, Cedeno T, Swingle W (2017)
Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass (Zostera marina
L.) Mar Ecol Prog Ser 566:1–15
Zimmerman R, Hill V, Gallegos C (2015) Predicting effects of ocean warming, acidification and
water quality on Chesapeake region eelgrass. Limnol Oceanogr 60:1781–1804
Zimmerman R, Kohrs D, Alberte R (1996) Top-down impact through a bottom-up mechanism:
the effect of limpet grazing on growth, productivity and carbon allocation of Zostera marina.
Oecologia 107:560–567
Zimmerman R, Kohrs D, Steller D, Alberte R (1997) Impacts of CO 2 -enrichment on productivity
and light requirements of eelgrass. Plant Physiol 115:599–607
Zimmerman R, Kohrs D, Steller DL, Alberte R (1995) Carbon partitioning in eelgrass. Regulation
by photosynthesis and the response to daily light-dark cycles. Plant Physiol 108:1665–1671
Zimmerman R, Smith R, Alberte R (1987) Is growth of eelgrass nitrogen limited? A numerical
simulation of the effects of light and nitrogen on the growth dynamics of Zostera marina. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 41:167–176
Zimmerman RC, Smith RD, Alberte RS (1989) Thermal acclimation and whole plant carbon balance in Zostera marina L. (eelgrass). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 130:93–109
Zupo V, Buia M, Mazzella L (1997) A production model for Posidonia oceanica based on temperature. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 44:483–492
R.C. Zimmerman