Index
wet deposition, 267-268
xylem water, 184
Sampling
conditional, 174
considerations, 187
continuous, 238, 279
designs, 279-280
destructive gravimetric, 345
double, 35-36
frequenc~40, 155-156
hydrologic methods, 252
instrument noise and, 171
MODIS, 14
representative, 184
size of quadrats, 35
stratified,282-283
stratified random, 278-279
San Dimas Experimental Forest, 256
Sand,89,201
Sandbox experiments, 256-258
Sap, 208-209
Sap-feeders, 152
SAR (synthetic aperture radar), 17,23
Satellite-born radiometers, 8
Satellites, 13-14,22, 82. See also specific projects
SBLs (surface boundary layers), 161-163
Scatterometers, 16-17
SeaWiFS,82
Secondary productivity, 31
Sediments
and benthic respiration in, 86-103
carbon mineralization pathways, 87
heat production by, 90
pac in, 145
redox reactions, 87
retrieved course, 89
Seebeck effect, 203
Seeding, 311
Seedlings, 362
Seines, 308, 309
Senescence, 32, 34-35, 241
Sensible heat flux, 174
Sensitivity analysis, 381-383
Shadows analysis, 12
Shoots, 209-210
Shrubland vegetation, 19-20,23-24,33,35,37
Shrubs, 12, 19
Sieving, wet, 105
Silver Springs model, 381
Simulation modeling, 229-230, 311-313
SIR-C,18
SIR-C/x-SAR, 17
Size fractionation, 111
Size-efficiency hypothesis, 393
SLICER laser altimetry, 20
Snowmelt, 362
Sodium (Na), 269
Sodium p-nitrophenyl phosphate, 222
Software, 23
Soil. See also Soil organic matter; Soil water
acidification, 265
age, 130
biota, 318-320
biotic manipulations, 318-319
carbon cycling processes, 118
carbon mineralization, 112
carbon storage, 284
CENTURY soil organic matter model, 106
chemical properties, 357
direct warming, 359-360
food webs, 319-320
isotope dilution techniques, 226-229
laboratory studies, 324
landscapes, 278
lysimeter sampling, 254
matric potentials, 202, 345
mesofauna, 357
nitrogen cycling processes, 128
nitrogen flux, 133
organic matter dynamics, 104-116
respiration, 163
snow, effect of, 362
spatial variation, 346-348
surface roughness, 16
temperature, 356
tilling, 323
transplanting, 323
volumetric samples, 59
water potential, 199-207
Zobler soil texture database, 46
Soil heat flux plates, 168
Soil organic carbon (SOC), 123-125, 127
Soil organic matter (SaM)
additions to, 118
biological fractions, 111-113
8 15 N and depth, 132-134
definition, 110
internal transfers, 119
losses from, 118-119
mathematical models, 117-137
multi-box isotope models, 126-128
physical fractionation, 110-111
pools, 104-106, 117-118
stable nitrogen ratios, 128
transformations, 119
419
well-mixed one box model of N isotopes, 129-132
Soil psychrometers, 345
Soil resistance blocks, 345, 346
wet deposition, 267-268
xylem water, 184
Sampling
conditional, 174
considerations, 187
continuous, 238, 279
designs, 279-280
destructive gravimetric, 345
double, 35-36
frequenc~40, 155-156
hydrologic methods, 252
instrument noise and, 171
MODIS, 14
representative, 184
size of quadrats, 35
stratified,282-283
stratified random, 278-279
San Dimas Experimental Forest, 256
Sand,89,201
Sandbox experiments, 256-258
Sap, 208-209
Sap-feeders, 152
SAR (synthetic aperture radar), 17,23
Satellite-born radiometers, 8
Satellites, 13-14,22, 82. See also specific projects
SBLs (surface boundary layers), 161-163
Scatterometers, 16-17
SeaWiFS,82
Secondary productivity, 31
Sediments
and benthic respiration in, 86-103
carbon mineralization pathways, 87
heat production by, 90
pac in, 145
redox reactions, 87
retrieved course, 89
Seebeck effect, 203
Seeding, 311
Seedlings, 362
Seines, 308, 309
Senescence, 32, 34-35, 241
Sensible heat flux, 174
Sensitivity analysis, 381-383
Shadows analysis, 12
Shoots, 209-210
Shrubland vegetation, 19-20,23-24,33,35,37
Shrubs, 12, 19
Sieving, wet, 105
Silver Springs model, 381
Simulation modeling, 229-230, 311-313
SIR-C,18
SIR-C/x-SAR, 17
Size fractionation, 111
Size-efficiency hypothesis, 393
SLICER laser altimetry, 20
Snowmelt, 362
Sodium (Na), 269
Sodium p-nitrophenyl phosphate, 222
Software, 23
Soil. See also Soil organic matter; Soil water
acidification, 265
age, 130
biota, 318-320
biotic manipulations, 318-319
carbon cycling processes, 118
carbon mineralization, 112
carbon storage, 284
CENTURY soil organic matter model, 106
chemical properties, 357
direct warming, 359-360
food webs, 319-320
isotope dilution techniques, 226-229
laboratory studies, 324
landscapes, 278
lysimeter sampling, 254
matric potentials, 202, 345
mesofauna, 357
nitrogen cycling processes, 128
nitrogen flux, 133
organic matter dynamics, 104-116
respiration, 163
snow, effect of, 362
spatial variation, 346-348
surface roughness, 16
temperature, 356
tilling, 323
transplanting, 323
volumetric samples, 59
water potential, 199-207
Zobler soil texture database, 46
Soil heat flux plates, 168
Soil organic carbon (SOC), 123-125, 127
Soil organic matter (SaM)
additions to, 118
biological fractions, 111-113
8 15 N and depth, 132-134
definition, 110
internal transfers, 119
losses from, 118-119
mathematical models, 117-137
multi-box isotope models, 126-128
physical fractionation, 110-111
pools, 104-106, 117-118
stable nitrogen ratios, 128
transformations, 119
419
well-mixed one box model of N isotopes, 129-132
Soil psychrometers, 345
Soil resistance blocks, 345, 346