Index
barriers to loss, 117
budgets, 221
constraint on leaf area, 46
delivery vectors, 266
efficiency, 391-392
human disturbances, 280
inhibitors of transformation, 218
limitations, 292-293
manipulations, 291-307, 324
substrate analogs, 222-223
super sinks, 221-222
terrestrial ecosystem cycles, 216
transformations, 215-234
Oceans
color satellites, 82
food webs, 390
in situ diel estimation of GPP, 79, 80--81
isotopic composition of water, 183
Oligonucleotides probes, 142
Optimality, 384
Organic matter sampling, 186-189
Orographic effects, 266-267
Osmocote, 296, 298-299
Overestimation errors (OE), 38, 39
Overhead heaters, 360--362
Oxic zones, 90--91
Oxygen (02)
consumption in sediments, 90--91
daily changes, 79
exchange, 80--81
isotopic abundance, 182
light and dark bottle technique, 74-75
measurement of primary production, 73
organic matter, 189
respiration pathway, 87
total benthic mineralization, 88-89
water, 186
Winkler titration, 75
Oxygen/nitrate ratios, 88
Ozone (03), 243, 265, 269, 292
Ozone layer, 363
PAR. See Photosynthetically active radiation
Parsing phase, climate modeling, 374-375
Particulate organic carbon (POC), 145
Pattern analysis, 278
PCA (principal component analysis), 146
Pedogenic carbonates, 194
Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB), 182
Pelagic ecosystems, 138-150, 389-406
Peltier thermocouple psychrometry, 203
Peptidases, 145
Perpendicular vegetation index (PVI), 22-23
PFDs (flame photometric detectors), 243
PGEN model, 385
pH, 296, 297, 298, 331. See also Acidification;
Hydrogen ions
Phosphoric acid, 215
Phosphorous (P)
deposition, 265
fertilizers, 298-300
as limiting nutrient, 293
mineralization, 218-219
nutrient transformations, 225
32p tracer, 281
precipitation in soils, 298
transformation rates, 218, 219, 220
Photoacoustic infrared analysis systems, 243
Photography, 11-12,21-22
Photoionization detector (PID), 243
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)
absorbed energy, 31
conversion efficiency (e), 45-46
e in the NPP algorithm, 50
inference of, 13
measurement of, 11
parameterization of e, 46-49
Phytomass, 8, 17
Picea,342
PID (photoionization detector), 243
Pin oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis), 154
Piscicides, 308-309
Piscivores, 310, 312
Piston velocity, 80--81
Planktonic systems. See also specific components
bacteria respiration, 143-146
biogeochemistry of food webs, 389-406
carbon cycling, 138-150
mortality estimation, 73
primary production, 72-73
Plant canopy analyzers, 36
Plant pressure chambers, 203-204
Plant-air interfaces, 241-242
Plants
compensatory growth, 154-156
gas emissions by, 241
gas exchange, 239
seasonality of digestibility, 152
transplanting, 323-324
water fluxes, 207-210
water resource partitioning, 189-190
water sampling, 184
whole root/shoot hydraulic conductance,
209-210
Plowing, 323
POC (particulate organic carbon), 145
Point and line intercepts, 22
Pollen records, 355
417
barriers to loss, 117
budgets, 221
constraint on leaf area, 46
delivery vectors, 266
efficiency, 391-392
human disturbances, 280
inhibitors of transformation, 218
limitations, 292-293
manipulations, 291-307, 324
substrate analogs, 222-223
super sinks, 221-222
terrestrial ecosystem cycles, 216
transformations, 215-234
Oceans
color satellites, 82
food webs, 390
in situ diel estimation of GPP, 79, 80--81
isotopic composition of water, 183
Oligonucleotides probes, 142
Optimality, 384
Organic matter sampling, 186-189
Orographic effects, 266-267
Osmocote, 296, 298-299
Overestimation errors (OE), 38, 39
Overhead heaters, 360--362
Oxic zones, 90--91
Oxygen (02)
consumption in sediments, 90--91
daily changes, 79
exchange, 80--81
isotopic abundance, 182
light and dark bottle technique, 74-75
measurement of primary production, 73
organic matter, 189
respiration pathway, 87
total benthic mineralization, 88-89
water, 186
Winkler titration, 75
Oxygen/nitrate ratios, 88
Ozone (03), 243, 265, 269, 292
Ozone layer, 363
PAR. See Photosynthetically active radiation
Parsing phase, climate modeling, 374-375
Particulate organic carbon (POC), 145
Pattern analysis, 278
PCA (principal component analysis), 146
Pedogenic carbonates, 194
Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB), 182
Pelagic ecosystems, 138-150, 389-406
Peltier thermocouple psychrometry, 203
Peptidases, 145
Perpendicular vegetation index (PVI), 22-23
PFDs (flame photometric detectors), 243
PGEN model, 385
pH, 296, 297, 298, 331. See also Acidification;
Hydrogen ions
Phosphoric acid, 215
Phosphorous (P)
deposition, 265
fertilizers, 298-300
as limiting nutrient, 293
mineralization, 218-219
nutrient transformations, 225
32p tracer, 281
precipitation in soils, 298
transformation rates, 218, 219, 220
Photoacoustic infrared analysis systems, 243
Photography, 11-12,21-22
Photoionization detector (PID), 243
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)
absorbed energy, 31
conversion efficiency (e), 45-46
e in the NPP algorithm, 50
inference of, 13
measurement of, 11
parameterization of e, 46-49
Phytomass, 8, 17
Picea,342
PID (photoionization detector), 243
Pin oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis), 154
Piscicides, 308-309
Piscivores, 310, 312
Piston velocity, 80--81
Planktonic systems. See also specific components
bacteria respiration, 143-146
biogeochemistry of food webs, 389-406
carbon cycling, 138-150
mortality estimation, 73
primary production, 72-73
Plant canopy analyzers, 36
Plant pressure chambers, 203-204
Plant-air interfaces, 241-242
Plants
compensatory growth, 154-156
gas emissions by, 241
gas exchange, 239
seasonality of digestibility, 152
transplanting, 323-324
water fluxes, 207-210
water resource partitioning, 189-190
water sampling, 184
whole root/shoot hydraulic conductance,
209-210
Plowing, 323
POC (particulate organic carbon), 145
Point and line intercepts, 22
Pollen records, 355
417