416
NEE (net ecosystem exchange), 54, 163-164
Nematicides,321-322
Nematodes, 152
NEP (net ecosystem productivity), 31, 72, 73
Net community productivity (NCP), 31
Net ecosystem exchange (NEE), 54, 163-164
Net ecosystem productivity (NEP), 31, 72, 73
Net fine root production (NFRP), 58-59, 62--63,
64
Net primary productivity (NPP)
aboveground (ANPP), 31--43
annual estimation, 52-53
availability of data, 53
belowground (BNPP), 58-71
definition, 31
errors and estimation, 37--41
final algorithm, 51-53
from the EOS, 44--57
global, 44--49, 53-55
logical and data flow diagrams, 51, 52
multiple nutrient limitation, 293
nutrient additions, response to, 293
soil invertebrates, 319
soil respiration, 118
spatial variability, 44
Net production rates, 215
Net radiometers, 168
Neutron probe measurements, 345
New Zealand flatworm, 322-323
NFRP (net fine root production), 58-59, 62--63,
64
NIR (near-infrared), 12, 13
Nitrate (NO})
atmospheric deposition, 265, 269
bacterial reduction, 91-92
canopy uptake and leaching, 251
conversion to nitrites, 292
inhibitors of assimilation, 218
isotope dilution experiments, 228
nutrient addition experiments, 294
production, 216
streamwater and Bs horizon, 255
Nitric acid (HN03), 269, 330, 332
Nitric neutralization, 332
Nitric oxide (NO), 243
Nitrification. See also Denitrification
autotrophic inhibitors, 218
benthic flux measurements, 88
estimated rate of, 258
heterotrophic, 217-218
isotope dilution measurement, 226-227
by urea, 296
Nitrogen (N). See also Denitrification; Nitrification;
Nitrogen fixation
addition to soil, 292
atmospheric deposition, 251-252, 265, 273
balance, 67--68
balance and dynamics, 249-264
benthic fluxes, 92
BIOME-BGC simulations, 47, 49
cycling, 128, 334
8 15 N and soil age, 130
8 15 N with soil depth, 121
ecosystem scale, 258-259
estimation of NFRP, 63, 64
fertilizers, 296-298, 301
fixation, 118,218,225,230--231,257
formation during denitrification, 88
isotope dilution experiments, 225-226
isotope pairing methods, 253
leaching, 292
as limiting nutrient, 293
lysimetry of groundwater, 257
mass-balance calculations, 272
mineralization, 218
nutrient flow, 223-224
of nitrogen cycling, 132
precipitation, 132
ratio to lignin, 49
soil loss pathways, 118-119
soil-to-p1ant fractionation, 131
SOM, 113, 119, 128, 132-134
tracers, 281
well-mixed one box model, 129-132
Nitrogen dioxide (N02), 265, 269
Nitrogen oxide (NO), 238
Index
Nitrogen saturation experiment (NITREX) sites, 254,
256, 259
Nitrous oxide (N20), 174, 243, 244, 359
NMHC,243
NOAA, 22
Non-methane hydrocarbons, 174
Nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV), 23
Normalized backscatter coefficient (0"0), 16
Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), 22,
24,45
NPP. See Net primary productivity
NPV (nonphotosynthetic vegetation), 23
NS001,13
Nutrient-addition experiments
addition rates, 295
alternatives to, 302-303
experimental design, 293-300
form of nutrients added, 296
historical, 291-292
timescale of response, 295
timing of addition, 295-296
Nutrients
atmospheric deposition, 265-276
balance and dynamics, 249-264
NEE (net ecosystem exchange), 54, 163-164
Nematicides,321-322
Nematodes, 152
NEP (net ecosystem productivity), 31, 72, 73
Net community productivity (NCP), 31
Net ecosystem exchange (NEE), 54, 163-164
Net ecosystem productivity (NEP), 31, 72, 73
Net fine root production (NFRP), 58-59, 62--63,
64
Net primary productivity (NPP)
aboveground (ANPP), 31--43
annual estimation, 52-53
availability of data, 53
belowground (BNPP), 58-71
definition, 31
errors and estimation, 37--41
final algorithm, 51-53
from the EOS, 44--57
global, 44--49, 53-55
logical and data flow diagrams, 51, 52
multiple nutrient limitation, 293
nutrient additions, response to, 293
soil invertebrates, 319
soil respiration, 118
spatial variability, 44
Net production rates, 215
Net radiometers, 168
Neutron probe measurements, 345
New Zealand flatworm, 322-323
NFRP (net fine root production), 58-59, 62--63,
64
NIR (near-infrared), 12, 13
Nitrate (NO})
atmospheric deposition, 265, 269
bacterial reduction, 91-92
canopy uptake and leaching, 251
conversion to nitrites, 292
inhibitors of assimilation, 218
isotope dilution experiments, 228
nutrient addition experiments, 294
production, 216
streamwater and Bs horizon, 255
Nitric acid (HN03), 269, 330, 332
Nitric neutralization, 332
Nitric oxide (NO), 243
Nitrification. See also Denitrification
autotrophic inhibitors, 218
benthic flux measurements, 88
estimated rate of, 258
heterotrophic, 217-218
isotope dilution measurement, 226-227
by urea, 296
Nitrogen (N). See also Denitrification; Nitrification;
Nitrogen fixation
addition to soil, 292
atmospheric deposition, 251-252, 265, 273
balance, 67--68
balance and dynamics, 249-264
benthic fluxes, 92
BIOME-BGC simulations, 47, 49
cycling, 128, 334
8 15 N and soil age, 130
8 15 N with soil depth, 121
ecosystem scale, 258-259
estimation of NFRP, 63, 64
fertilizers, 296-298, 301
fixation, 118,218,225,230--231,257
formation during denitrification, 88
isotope dilution experiments, 225-226
isotope pairing methods, 253
leaching, 292
as limiting nutrient, 293
lysimetry of groundwater, 257
mass-balance calculations, 272
mineralization, 218
nutrient flow, 223-224
of nitrogen cycling, 132
precipitation, 132
ratio to lignin, 49
soil loss pathways, 118-119
soil-to-p1ant fractionation, 131
SOM, 113, 119, 128, 132-134
tracers, 281
well-mixed one box model, 129-132
Nitrogen dioxide (N02), 265, 269
Nitrogen oxide (NO), 238
Index
Nitrogen saturation experiment (NITREX) sites, 254,
256, 259
Nitrous oxide (N20), 174, 243, 244, 359
NMHC,243
NOAA, 22
Non-methane hydrocarbons, 174
Nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV), 23
Normalized backscatter coefficient (0"0), 16
Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), 22,
24,45
NPP. See Net primary productivity
NPV (nonphotosynthetic vegetation), 23
NS001,13
Nutrient-addition experiments
addition rates, 295
alternatives to, 302-303
experimental design, 293-300
form of nutrients added, 296
historical, 291-292
timescale of response, 295
timing of addition, 295-296
Nutrients
atmospheric deposition, 265-276
balance and dynamics, 249-264