414
Iron (Fe)
atmospheric deposition, 265
benthic fluxes, 88
chemical inhibitors of oxidation, 218
in ecosystem control, 78
organotrophic reduction, 91
in the redox sequence, 86-87
reduction in benthic sediments, 92-95
reduction equation, 87
Irradiation, 218-220, 320
Irrigation, 341, 343-344
Isopiestic thermocouple psychrometry, 203
Isoprene, 241
Isotopes. See also Radioisotopes; Stable isotopes
atmospheric deposition, 272-273
BNPP estimation, 61-62
kinetic effects, 121-122
label fertilizers, 291
movement of sink pool, 225
natural abundances, 181,230--231
nutrient addition experiments, 300--302
nutrient flow measurement, 225-229
nutrients transformations measurement, 223-225
ocean water, 183
in precipitation, 132
soil-to-plant fractionation, 131
in SOM, 128
transpiration ratios, 192
Isotopic methods. See also Radioisotopes; Stable
isotopes
dilution, 224-229
exchange kinetic technique, 225-226
fractionation, 121-122
mass-balances, 271
multi-box isotope models, 126-128
pairing methods, 253
production in aquatic systems, 75-79
ratio mass spectrometry, 181-184
stable isotope ratio analyses, 181-198
tracers, 258-259
well-mixed one box models, 129-132
ITEX (International Tundra Experiment), 357-358
JABOWA model, 386
JERS-1,17
Katabatic drainage, 169
Keystone factors, 384
Keystone species, 313
Kinetic isotope effect, 121-122
LADs (leaf angle distributions), 9, 25
LA!. See Leaf area index
Lakes, 310--312, 330--340, 390
Land surface temperature, 14
Land-use management, 278
Landcover, 17,23,46,50
LANDSAT, 13,22
LANDSAT 7, 14
LANDSAT Thematic Mapper (TM), 13, 18
Landscapes, 278-279, 280
Langrangian stochastic dispersion models, 242
Laser vegetation imaging sensor (LVIS), 12
Lasers
airborne profiling systems, 19
altimetry, 12, 20
diode, 244
LVIS, 12
penetration, 12, 21
rangefinders, 11
SLICER altimetry, 20
Lead (Pb), 269
Leaf angle distributions (LADs), 9, 25
Leaf area index (LAI)
and APAR, 45
definition, 36
direct measurement, 20
estimation of cover, 9
FPAR, relation to, 49
geometrical optical methods, 24
indirect measurement, 21
NDVI estimation, 22
satellite mapping of, 54
Leaves. See also Foliage
area, 8, 22-23
canopy architecture models, 8-9
capacitance, 35
consumption, 153-154
optical properties, 13
organic matter sampling, 186-189
production estimates, 36-37
sampling considerations, 187
total area, 8
tracing of, 20
turnover time, 36
water extraction, 185
water sampling, 184
Lenses, photographic, 11-12
Leucine, 143, 144
Lexical phase, climate modeling, 373-374
LHH, SIR-C, 18
LHV, SIR-C, 18
Lichens, 292
LIDAR (light detection and ranging), 12, 19, 243
Light
interactions with canopies, 8
and leaf production, 36
light/nutrient hypothesis, 391, 401-402
monochromatic, 12
Index
Iron (Fe)
atmospheric deposition, 265
benthic fluxes, 88
chemical inhibitors of oxidation, 218
in ecosystem control, 78
organotrophic reduction, 91
in the redox sequence, 86-87
reduction in benthic sediments, 92-95
reduction equation, 87
Irradiation, 218-220, 320
Irrigation, 341, 343-344
Isopiestic thermocouple psychrometry, 203
Isoprene, 241
Isotopes. See also Radioisotopes; Stable isotopes
atmospheric deposition, 272-273
BNPP estimation, 61-62
kinetic effects, 121-122
label fertilizers, 291
movement of sink pool, 225
natural abundances, 181,230--231
nutrient addition experiments, 300--302
nutrient flow measurement, 225-229
nutrients transformations measurement, 223-225
ocean water, 183
in precipitation, 132
soil-to-plant fractionation, 131
in SOM, 128
transpiration ratios, 192
Isotopic methods. See also Radioisotopes; Stable
isotopes
dilution, 224-229
exchange kinetic technique, 225-226
fractionation, 121-122
mass-balances, 271
multi-box isotope models, 126-128
pairing methods, 253
production in aquatic systems, 75-79
ratio mass spectrometry, 181-184
stable isotope ratio analyses, 181-198
tracers, 258-259
well-mixed one box models, 129-132
ITEX (International Tundra Experiment), 357-358
JABOWA model, 386
JERS-1,17
Katabatic drainage, 169
Keystone factors, 384
Keystone species, 313
Kinetic isotope effect, 121-122
LADs (leaf angle distributions), 9, 25
LA!. See Leaf area index
Lakes, 310--312, 330--340, 390
Land surface temperature, 14
Land-use management, 278
Landcover, 17,23,46,50
LANDSAT, 13,22
LANDSAT 7, 14
LANDSAT Thematic Mapper (TM), 13, 18
Landscapes, 278-279, 280
Langrangian stochastic dispersion models, 242
Laser vegetation imaging sensor (LVIS), 12
Lasers
airborne profiling systems, 19
altimetry, 12, 20
diode, 244
LVIS, 12
penetration, 12, 21
rangefinders, 11
SLICER altimetry, 20
Lead (Pb), 269
Leaf angle distributions (LADs), 9, 25
Leaf area index (LAI)
and APAR, 45
definition, 36
direct measurement, 20
estimation of cover, 9
FPAR, relation to, 49
geometrical optical methods, 24
indirect measurement, 21
NDVI estimation, 22
satellite mapping of, 54
Leaves. See also Foliage
area, 8, 22-23
canopy architecture models, 8-9
capacitance, 35
consumption, 153-154
optical properties, 13
organic matter sampling, 186-189
production estimates, 36-37
sampling considerations, 187
total area, 8
tracing of, 20
turnover time, 36
water extraction, 185
water sampling, 184
Lenses, photographic, 11-12
Leucine, 143, 144
Lexical phase, climate modeling, 373-374
LHH, SIR-C, 18
LHV, SIR-C, 18
Lichens, 292
LIDAR (light detection and ranging), 12, 19, 243
Light
interactions with canopies, 8
and leaf production, 36
light/nutrient hypothesis, 391, 401-402
monochromatic, 12
Index