Index
Glucosidases, 145
GPP. See Gross primary productivity
GPS (global positioning system), 11, 13
Grab samples, 252
Grassland Biome ELM model, 384
Grasslands
aboveground biomass, 35
biogeochemical simulation model, 278
deposited N, 258
energy flow, 32
estimation of ANPp, 33
litter decomposition, 108
manipulation of throughfall, 342, 345
overestimation of productivity, 39-40
photosynthetic pathways, 49
smooth aerodynamic surfaces, 49
Gravimetric measurements, 201-202
Grazers, 154-156, 397-400
Greenhouse gases, 341, 353. See also specific gases
Greenhouses, 357-359
Gross consumption rates, 226
Gross primary productivity (GPP)
daily estimates, 51-52
definition, 31, 72
EOS, 44-57
light and dark bottle technique, 74-75, 77-79
oceans, contribution of, 72
Gross production rates, 226
Groundwater, 184,257
Growth, respiration costs, 52-53
Growth chambers, 355-356
GTOS (Global Terrestrial Observing System),
53
Habitat manipulations, 310-311, 323
Harvesting techniques, 35
Heat, 90, 167-168, 174. See also Global warming;
Temperature
Heat balance method, 208-209
Heat pulse method, 208
Heavy metals, 265
Height
BABH,37
canopy, 19
DBH, 24, 36, 37,40
fetch/height ratio, 165
vegetation architecture, 12
Helsinki University of Technology scatterometer
(HUTSCAT), 17
Hemicellulose, 187. See also Cellulose
Hemispherical photographs, 8, 9, 10, 11
Herbicides, 311
Herbivory, 151-157
Heterodera schactii, 323
Heterotrophic nitrification, 217-218
High-pressure flowmeters (HPFM), 210
Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), 395
Holopedium gibberum, 333, 336
Horizontal stand descriptors, 8
HPFM (high-pressure flowmeters), 210
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 249-252, 255
HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acids), 395
Human interventions
acidification of ecosystems, 330
ecosystem manipulations, 313-314, 353
regional-scale nutrient fluxes, 280
and species ranges, 355
Humic acid, 105
Humin, 105
HUTS CAT (Helsinki University of Technology
scatterometer), 17
HYBRID model, 385
Hydraulic conductance, 209
Hydrochloric acid (HCI), 221, 265
Hydrogen (H 2 ), 182, 189, 191
Hydrogen ions (H+), 265, 269, 331. See also
Acidification; pH
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), 88, 93, 95, 243
Hydrologic sampling methods, 252
Hydroxylates, 86
Hypolinmion, 239
IBIS (integrated biosphere simulator), 354
ffiP (International Biological Program), 33, 384
IC (ion chromatography), 243
IERs (ion exchange resins), 221-222
IFS (Integrated Forest Study), 256
In situ diel, 73, 79-81
Individual-based models, 374, 385-386
Infrared gas analyzers (lRGA), 11 0, 170, 172-173
Infrared radiation, 353, 360-362
Infrared range finders, 11
Ingrowth cores, 60-61
Input-output ecosystem budgets, 250-253
INSAR (interferometry SAR), 19
Insecticides, 321-322
Insects, adaptation, 356
Integrated biosphere simulator (IBIS), 354
Integrated Forest Study (IFS), 256
Interferometry, 17-18, 19
International Biological Program (ffiP), 33, 384
International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), 357-358
Inundation patterns, 17
413
Invertebrates, 309, 318, 319, 320-321. See also specific
invertebrates
Ion chromatography (lC), 243
Ion exchange resins (IERs), 221-222
Irgalan Black, 140
Glucosidases, 145
GPP. See Gross primary productivity
GPS (global positioning system), 11, 13
Grab samples, 252
Grassland Biome ELM model, 384
Grasslands
aboveground biomass, 35
biogeochemical simulation model, 278
deposited N, 258
energy flow, 32
estimation of ANPp, 33
litter decomposition, 108
manipulation of throughfall, 342, 345
overestimation of productivity, 39-40
photosynthetic pathways, 49
smooth aerodynamic surfaces, 49
Gravimetric measurements, 201-202
Grazers, 154-156, 397-400
Greenhouse gases, 341, 353. See also specific gases
Greenhouses, 357-359
Gross consumption rates, 226
Gross primary productivity (GPP)
daily estimates, 51-52
definition, 31, 72
EOS, 44-57
light and dark bottle technique, 74-75, 77-79
oceans, contribution of, 72
Gross production rates, 226
Groundwater, 184,257
Growth, respiration costs, 52-53
Growth chambers, 355-356
GTOS (Global Terrestrial Observing System),
53
Habitat manipulations, 310-311, 323
Harvesting techniques, 35
Heat, 90, 167-168, 174. See also Global warming;
Temperature
Heat balance method, 208-209
Heat pulse method, 208
Heavy metals, 265
Height
BABH,37
canopy, 19
DBH, 24, 36, 37,40
fetch/height ratio, 165
vegetation architecture, 12
Helsinki University of Technology scatterometer
(HUTSCAT), 17
Hemicellulose, 187. See also Cellulose
Hemispherical photographs, 8, 9, 10, 11
Herbicides, 311
Herbivory, 151-157
Heterodera schactii, 323
Heterotrophic nitrification, 217-218
High-pressure flowmeters (HPFM), 210
Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), 395
Holopedium gibberum, 333, 336
Horizontal stand descriptors, 8
HPFM (high-pressure flowmeters), 210
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 249-252, 255
HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acids), 395
Human interventions
acidification of ecosystems, 330
ecosystem manipulations, 313-314, 353
regional-scale nutrient fluxes, 280
and species ranges, 355
Humic acid, 105
Humin, 105
HUTS CAT (Helsinki University of Technology
scatterometer), 17
HYBRID model, 385
Hydraulic conductance, 209
Hydrochloric acid (HCI), 221, 265
Hydrogen (H 2 ), 182, 189, 191
Hydrogen ions (H+), 265, 269, 331. See also
Acidification; pH
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), 88, 93, 95, 243
Hydrologic sampling methods, 252
Hydroxylates, 86
Hypolinmion, 239
IBIS (integrated biosphere simulator), 354
ffiP (International Biological Program), 33, 384
IC (ion chromatography), 243
IERs (ion exchange resins), 221-222
IFS (Integrated Forest Study), 256
In situ diel, 73, 79-81
Individual-based models, 374, 385-386
Infrared gas analyzers (lRGA), 11 0, 170, 172-173
Infrared radiation, 353, 360-362
Infrared range finders, 11
Ingrowth cores, 60-61
Input-output ecosystem budgets, 250-253
INSAR (interferometry SAR), 19
Insecticides, 321-322
Insects, adaptation, 356
Integrated biosphere simulator (IBIS), 354
Integrated Forest Study (IFS), 256
Interferometry, 17-18, 19
International Biological Program (ffiP), 33, 384
International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), 357-358
Inundation patterns, 17
413
Invertebrates, 309, 318, 319, 320-321. See also specific
invertebrates
Ion chromatography (lC), 243
Ion exchange resins (IERs), 221-222
Irgalan Black, 140