412
Fermentation, 86
Ferrous carbonate (FeC03), 89, 90
Ferrozine, 93
Fertilizers
isotopically labeled, 300--302
nitrogen availability, 296-297
nutrient addition experiments, 296
phosphorus, 298-300
potassium, 299
sulfur,299-300
trials, 291
Fetch, definition, 164
Fetch/height ratio, 165
Film, photographic, 11, 12
Filter paper, 110, 204
Fire, 323. See also Combustion
Fish, 309-310, 335
Fisheries, 313-314
Fishing, 314
Flame photometric detectors (FPDs), 243
Flooding, spectral analysis, 18
Flow cytometry, 141-142
Fluid-filled pipes, 360
Flumes, 252
Fluorochromes, 140-142
Flux footprints, 164-165, 166, 242
Fluxes, 161-180
FLUXNET, tower operation, 54
Fog, 266
Foliage, 8, 9, 19-21,25. See also Leaves
Food webs
alteration of structure, 310
biogeochemistry,389-406
and compartment models, 376-378
human manipulation, 314
planktonic, 390-397
rhizosphere, 321-322
species manipulations, 308
whole-lake, 403
Footprints, definition, 12, 165
Forest-BGe model, 385
Forests. See also Trees
aerodynamic surfaces, 49
biomass estimation, 23-24
decline in Ca, 292
deposited N, 258
diffusive transport in soil, 124
discrimination of, 23
heat tables, 36
input-output budget for catchment, 250
irrigation, 341
litter decomposition, 108
manipulated throughfall quality, 342
spectral analysis, 18
structure of canopies, 8
tropical, 37
turbulence over, 166
Fossil fuels, 330
Fossil records, 355
Index
FPAR. See Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically
active radiation
FPDs (flame photometric detectors), 243
Fractal models, 8, 9
Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation
(FPAR), 14, 21,45,49
Free Air Temperature Increase (FATI), 362
Freeze/thaw, SAR imagery, 17
Freezing, species removal, 320
Fulvic acid, 105
Fungi, soil, 318
Fungicides, 321-322
Gap fraction methods
data, 8
estimation of cover, 22
indirect measurement, 21
instruments for analysis, 11
LAI, derivation of, 21
Gap models, 386
Gas chromatography (GC), 110, 243
Gases. See also Trace gases; specific gases
advective movement, 268
deposition, 266, 269
soil-air interface, 236-239
water surface, 80-81
water-air interface, 239-241
Gaussian plume approach, 165
General circulation models (GCM), 353-355
General Oceanic Go-Flo bottles, 78
Geographic information systems (GIS), 283
Geometrical optical models, 9
Gill propeller anemometer, 171
Global positioning systems (GPS), 11, 13
Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS), 53
Global warming
aerosols, effect of, 353
carbon dioxide (C02), 341, 353
deforestation, 353
DOC, 402-403
effect on climate, 341
GCM models, 353-355
greenhouse gases, 341, 353
infrared radiation, 353
nitrous oxide, 359
rainfall patterns, 362
simulation of, 359-360
species ranges, 355
trace gas losses, 292
ultraviolet radiation, 363-364
Glucose, 145
Fermentation, 86
Ferrous carbonate (FeC03), 89, 90
Ferrozine, 93
Fertilizers
isotopically labeled, 300--302
nitrogen availability, 296-297
nutrient addition experiments, 296
phosphorus, 298-300
potassium, 299
sulfur,299-300
trials, 291
Fetch, definition, 164
Fetch/height ratio, 165
Film, photographic, 11, 12
Filter paper, 110, 204
Fire, 323. See also Combustion
Fish, 309-310, 335
Fisheries, 313-314
Fishing, 314
Flame photometric detectors (FPDs), 243
Flooding, spectral analysis, 18
Flow cytometry, 141-142
Fluid-filled pipes, 360
Flumes, 252
Fluorochromes, 140-142
Flux footprints, 164-165, 166, 242
Fluxes, 161-180
FLUXNET, tower operation, 54
Fog, 266
Foliage, 8, 9, 19-21,25. See also Leaves
Food webs
alteration of structure, 310
biogeochemistry,389-406
and compartment models, 376-378
human manipulation, 314
planktonic, 390-397
rhizosphere, 321-322
species manipulations, 308
whole-lake, 403
Footprints, definition, 12, 165
Forest-BGe model, 385
Forests. See also Trees
aerodynamic surfaces, 49
biomass estimation, 23-24
decline in Ca, 292
deposited N, 258
diffusive transport in soil, 124
discrimination of, 23
heat tables, 36
input-output budget for catchment, 250
irrigation, 341
litter decomposition, 108
manipulated throughfall quality, 342
spectral analysis, 18
structure of canopies, 8
tropical, 37
turbulence over, 166
Fossil fuels, 330
Fossil records, 355
Index
FPAR. See Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically
active radiation
FPDs (flame photometric detectors), 243
Fractal models, 8, 9
Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation
(FPAR), 14, 21,45,49
Free Air Temperature Increase (FATI), 362
Freeze/thaw, SAR imagery, 17
Freezing, species removal, 320
Fulvic acid, 105
Fungi, soil, 318
Fungicides, 321-322
Gap fraction methods
data, 8
estimation of cover, 22
indirect measurement, 21
instruments for analysis, 11
LAI, derivation of, 21
Gap models, 386
Gas chromatography (GC), 110, 243
Gases. See also Trace gases; specific gases
advective movement, 268
deposition, 266, 269
soil-air interface, 236-239
water surface, 80-81
water-air interface, 239-241
Gaussian plume approach, 165
General circulation models (GCM), 353-355
General Oceanic Go-Flo bottles, 78
Geographic information systems (GIS), 283
Geometrical optical models, 9
Gill propeller anemometer, 171
Global positioning systems (GPS), 11, 13
Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS), 53
Global warming
aerosols, effect of, 353
carbon dioxide (C02), 341, 353
deforestation, 353
DOC, 402-403
effect on climate, 341
GCM models, 353-355
greenhouse gases, 341, 353
infrared radiation, 353
nitrous oxide, 359
rainfall patterns, 362
simulation of, 359-360
species ranges, 355
trace gas losses, 292
ultraviolet radiation, 363-364
Glucose, 145