Index
Bogs plant decomposition, 127
Bone, 194-195
Boreal ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS), 244
Bosmina /ongirostris, 333
Bottles, 73, 74-75, 77-79, 88-89
Bowen ratio method, 166, 167-168,269
Branches, 9, 37
Bromide ions (Br-), 254
Bubbles. See Ebullition
Buried bag techniques, 218, 219
Burning, 323. See also Combustion
CIP ratios, 391-392, 393-394, 395, 396-398, 401
C3 photosynthetic pathways
carbon isotope use, 123, 192, 194
climatic conditions, 49
decomposition rates, 113
PAR conversion efficiency, 46
seasonal productivity, 35
C4 photosynthetic pathways
carbon isotope use, 123, 194
climatic conditions, 49
decomposition rates, 113
PAR conversion efficiency, 46
seasonal productivity, 35
Caged plots, 152-154
Calcium (Ca)
isotopic techniques, 273
as limiting nutrient, 293
mechanism of deposition, 269
and NHt absorption, 297
release by decomposition, 104
soil loss, 292
Calcium carbonate (CaC0 3 ), 88-89
Caliche, 194
Canopies
architecture models, 8-10
atmospheric mixing, 166
capacitance, 35
descriptors, 8
estimation of biomass, 24
estimation of cover, 9
fluxes, 161-180
height of, 19
light, interactions with, 8
micrometeorological methods, 161
nitrogen uptake, 251
reflectance, 13
SAR imagery of cover, 17
three-dimensional structure of, 24-25
Canopy process models, 384
Canopy sublayers (CSLs), 162
Capacitance, in double sampling, 35
Carbofuran, 322
Carbon (C). See also Carbon cycling; Dissolved
inorganic carbon; Dissolved organic carbon;
Particulate organic carbon; Soil organic carbon
BIOME-BGC simulations, 46-49
12C from SOM pools, 126
l3C experiments, 113
l3C organic matter analysis, 188
l3C plant components, 127
14C technique in aquatic systems, 75-79
14C as tracer, 117
6 l3 C with depth, 123-128
6 l3 C within organisms, 281
6 l3 C with soil depth, 121
6 13 C in tree rings, 193
ecosystem flow, 32, 33
estimated annual balance, 164
isotopes in SOM, 119-128
isotopic abundance, 182
isotopic estimates of BNPP, 61-62
isotopic ratios, 190
long-term mineralization in soil, 112
plant budgets, 61
sequestration potential of vegetation, 341
soil storage, 284
soil stores, 104-106
well-mixed box models, 119-123
Carbon balance, estimation of BNPP, 62-63
Carbon cycling
global studies, 44
large-scale validation, 54
pelagic ecosystem methods, 138-150
pelagic environments, 139
processes in soil, 118
SOM transformations, 119
Carbon dioxide (C02)
and global warming, 341, 353
and primary production, 72
atmospheric 6 18 0, 193
benthic flux measurements, 88-89
canopy process models, 384
canopy profiles, 163
carbonic acid formation, 331
daily changes, 79
density in air, 170
estimating primary production, 73
global flasks network, 53-54
global flux, 44
habitat manipulations, 323
heterotrophic decomposition, 118
infrared gas analysis, 110, 112
methods of analysis, 243
production by decomposition, 104
sampling periods, 238
seasonal soil efflux, 164
soil respiration, 118
409
Bogs plant decomposition, 127
Bone, 194-195
Boreal ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS), 244
Bosmina /ongirostris, 333
Bottles, 73, 74-75, 77-79, 88-89
Bowen ratio method, 166, 167-168,269
Branches, 9, 37
Bromide ions (Br-), 254
Bubbles. See Ebullition
Buried bag techniques, 218, 219
Burning, 323. See also Combustion
CIP ratios, 391-392, 393-394, 395, 396-398, 401
C3 photosynthetic pathways
carbon isotope use, 123, 192, 194
climatic conditions, 49
decomposition rates, 113
PAR conversion efficiency, 46
seasonal productivity, 35
C4 photosynthetic pathways
carbon isotope use, 123, 194
climatic conditions, 49
decomposition rates, 113
PAR conversion efficiency, 46
seasonal productivity, 35
Caged plots, 152-154
Calcium (Ca)
isotopic techniques, 273
as limiting nutrient, 293
mechanism of deposition, 269
and NHt absorption, 297
release by decomposition, 104
soil loss, 292
Calcium carbonate (CaC0 3 ), 88-89
Caliche, 194
Canopies
architecture models, 8-10
atmospheric mixing, 166
capacitance, 35
descriptors, 8
estimation of biomass, 24
estimation of cover, 9
fluxes, 161-180
height of, 19
light, interactions with, 8
micrometeorological methods, 161
nitrogen uptake, 251
reflectance, 13
SAR imagery of cover, 17
three-dimensional structure of, 24-25
Canopy process models, 384
Canopy sublayers (CSLs), 162
Capacitance, in double sampling, 35
Carbofuran, 322
Carbon (C). See also Carbon cycling; Dissolved
inorganic carbon; Dissolved organic carbon;
Particulate organic carbon; Soil organic carbon
BIOME-BGC simulations, 46-49
12C from SOM pools, 126
l3C experiments, 113
l3C organic matter analysis, 188
l3C plant components, 127
14C technique in aquatic systems, 75-79
14C as tracer, 117
6 l3 C with depth, 123-128
6 l3 C within organisms, 281
6 l3 C with soil depth, 121
6 13 C in tree rings, 193
ecosystem flow, 32, 33
estimated annual balance, 164
isotopes in SOM, 119-128
isotopic abundance, 182
isotopic estimates of BNPP, 61-62
isotopic ratios, 190
long-term mineralization in soil, 112
plant budgets, 61
sequestration potential of vegetation, 341
soil storage, 284
soil stores, 104-106
well-mixed box models, 119-123
Carbon balance, estimation of BNPP, 62-63
Carbon cycling
global studies, 44
large-scale validation, 54
pelagic ecosystem methods, 138-150
pelagic environments, 139
processes in soil, 118
SOM transformations, 119
Carbon dioxide (C02)
and global warming, 341, 353
and primary production, 72
atmospheric 6 18 0, 193
benthic flux measurements, 88-89
canopy process models, 384
canopy profiles, 163
carbonic acid formation, 331
daily changes, 79
density in air, 170
estimating primary production, 73
global flasks network, 53-54
global flux, 44
habitat manipulations, 323
heterotrophic decomposition, 118
infrared gas analysis, 110, 112
methods of analysis, 243
production by decomposition, 104
sampling periods, 238
seasonal soil efflux, 164
soil respiration, 118
409