408
Animals. See also specific animals
belowground,318-329
indicators of water source, 194-195
Anoxic bag incubations, 94
Anoxic jar incubations, 89-90
ANPP. See Aboveground net primary productivity
Anthropogenic effects. See also specific effects
acidification of ecosystems, 330, 331
ecosystem manipulations, 313-314
on species ranges, 355
regional-scale nutrient fluxes, 280
Antimycin, 309
AO (acridine orange), 140-141
APAR. See Absorbed photosynthetically active
radiation
Apob1asts, 201
Arctic Boundary Layer Experiments (ABLE-3A
and B), 244
Arthropods, 152, 153-154
ASAR (advanced synthetic aperture radar), 17
Ash, in soil, 59
Assimilation, definition, 115
ASTER (advanced spaceborne thermal emission and
reflection radiometer), 14
Atmospheric boundary layers (ABLs), 161-163, 169,
175-177
Atmospheric deposition
acidification of ecosystems, 330-340
ecosystem nutrient budgets, 251-252
natural levels, 293
role of, 265-276
scales of inquiry, 266-267
Autotrophs, 45, 218, 219, 392
AVHRR,22
AVHRR GAC, 13
AVIRIS, 13, 15
BABH, Basal area at breast height, 37
Backscatter, 9, 16, 19,24
Bacteria. See also Microbes
abundance and biomass, 139-143
active versus inactive cells, 141-142
carbon cycling, 138-150
electroreceptors, 86
flow cytometry, 141
food replication, 401
growth efficiency (BGE), 144
production (BP), 143
respiration (BR), 144
sample preservation, 141
secondary production, 138-139
substrate uptake and turnover, 144-146
Balloons, photography from, 12
Band-to-band registration, 13
Barriers, species exclusions, 320
Basal area at breast height (BABH), 37
Belonolaimus longicaudatus, 323
Index
Belowground net primary production (BNPP), 58-71
carbon balance, 62--63
example calculations, 60
ingrowth cores, 60--61
isotopic estimation of, 61--62
minirhizotrons, 63--65
Monte Carlo simulations, 66-67
nitrogen balance, 63
uncertainty in estimates, 65--69
Benomyl, 322
Benthic flux chambers, 89
Benthic respiration, 90-91
BGE (bacterial growth efficiency), 144
Big-leaf model, deposition, 269-270
Biocides, species manipulation, 321-322
Biogenic compounds, 174, 235-248
Biogeochemical processes
extrapolating values, 282-283
landscape and regional, 277-278
modeling movements, 281-283
planktonic food webs, 389-406
response to nutrient additions, 293
Biomass
aboveground estimates, 35-36
accumulation of error, 38
bacterial, 139-143
belowground change, 58
coefficients of variation for BNPP input variables,
67-68
direct measurement, 23
frequency of sampling, 155-156
Holopedium gibberum, 336
indirect estimation, 23-24
nutrient addition experiments, 294
production, 38
radar backscatter saturation, 24
relation to productivity, 31-32
seasonal patterns, 33-35
understory, 37
Biome classes, 49
Biome parameter look-up table (BPLUT), 46, 48
BIOME-BGC simulations, 46-49
BIOPAK software, 23
Biotic manipulations. See also Transplants
aquatic ecosystems, 308-317
belowground animals, 318-329
food webs, 308
keystone species, 313
species exclusions, 320
species introduction and transplants, 323-324
Bioturbation, 88
Blood, 194
Body elemental composition, 396
Animals. See also specific animals
belowground,318-329
indicators of water source, 194-195
Anoxic bag incubations, 94
Anoxic jar incubations, 89-90
ANPP. See Aboveground net primary productivity
Anthropogenic effects. See also specific effects
acidification of ecosystems, 330, 331
ecosystem manipulations, 313-314
on species ranges, 355
regional-scale nutrient fluxes, 280
Antimycin, 309
AO (acridine orange), 140-141
APAR. See Absorbed photosynthetically active
radiation
Apob1asts, 201
Arctic Boundary Layer Experiments (ABLE-3A
and B), 244
Arthropods, 152, 153-154
ASAR (advanced synthetic aperture radar), 17
Ash, in soil, 59
Assimilation, definition, 115
ASTER (advanced spaceborne thermal emission and
reflection radiometer), 14
Atmospheric boundary layers (ABLs), 161-163, 169,
175-177
Atmospheric deposition
acidification of ecosystems, 330-340
ecosystem nutrient budgets, 251-252
natural levels, 293
role of, 265-276
scales of inquiry, 266-267
Autotrophs, 45, 218, 219, 392
AVHRR,22
AVHRR GAC, 13
AVIRIS, 13, 15
BABH, Basal area at breast height, 37
Backscatter, 9, 16, 19,24
Bacteria. See also Microbes
abundance and biomass, 139-143
active versus inactive cells, 141-142
carbon cycling, 138-150
electroreceptors, 86
flow cytometry, 141
food replication, 401
growth efficiency (BGE), 144
production (BP), 143
respiration (BR), 144
sample preservation, 141
secondary production, 138-139
substrate uptake and turnover, 144-146
Balloons, photography from, 12
Band-to-band registration, 13
Barriers, species exclusions, 320
Basal area at breast height (BABH), 37
Belonolaimus longicaudatus, 323
Index
Belowground net primary production (BNPP), 58-71
carbon balance, 62--63
example calculations, 60
ingrowth cores, 60--61
isotopic estimation of, 61--62
minirhizotrons, 63--65
Monte Carlo simulations, 66-67
nitrogen balance, 63
uncertainty in estimates, 65--69
Benomyl, 322
Benthic flux chambers, 89
Benthic respiration, 90-91
BGE (bacterial growth efficiency), 144
Big-leaf model, deposition, 269-270
Biocides, species manipulation, 321-322
Biogenic compounds, 174, 235-248
Biogeochemical processes
extrapolating values, 282-283
landscape and regional, 277-278
modeling movements, 281-283
planktonic food webs, 389-406
response to nutrient additions, 293
Biomass
aboveground estimates, 35-36
accumulation of error, 38
bacterial, 139-143
belowground change, 58
coefficients of variation for BNPP input variables,
67-68
direct measurement, 23
frequency of sampling, 155-156
Holopedium gibberum, 336
indirect estimation, 23-24
nutrient addition experiments, 294
production, 38
radar backscatter saturation, 24
relation to productivity, 31-32
seasonal patterns, 33-35
understory, 37
Biome classes, 49
Biome parameter look-up table (BPLUT), 46, 48
BIOME-BGC simulations, 46-49
BIOPAK software, 23
Biotic manipulations. See also Transplants
aquatic ecosystems, 308-317
belowground animals, 318-329
food webs, 308
keystone species, 313
species exclusions, 320
species introduction and transplants, 323-324
Bioturbation, 88
Blood, 194
Body elemental composition, 396